Russian Outstanding Doctors – the Pride of Our Motherland

Овчинникова Инна Васильевна, преподаватель английского языка,к.филол.н.

Цель урока: приобщения к будущей профессии (история создание хирургии, нейрохирургии, гинекологии в России), развитие коммуникативной и общих компетенций по специальности 34.02.01 Сестринское дело.

Задачи учебного занятия

Образовательные:

формировать у обучающихся навыки диалогической и монологической речи по теме,
умение извлекать основную информацию по тексту,
задавать вопросы по теме,
строить собственные предложения,
уметь общаться в рамках заданной темы, используя различные виды деятельности.

Воспитательные:

воспитывать личностные качества (трудолюбие, активность, умение работать в сотрудничестве), коммуникабельность,
приобретение знаний по специальности.

Развивающие:

развивать интеллект и лингвистические способности, формировать механизм языковой догадки,
осуществлять в процессе изучения темы творческий подход.

Doctor's profession is a feat, it requires self-affirmation, purity of soul and purity of thoughts.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

Task 1. Learn the new words

1.Empire /ˈempaɪə(r)/ Emperor /ˈempərə(r)/		a) medical treatment of injuries or diseases that involves cutting open a person's body and often removing or replacing some parts; the branch of medicine connected with this treatment
2. surgery /ˈsɜːdʒəri/ surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒən/		b) a person whose job is to take care of sick or injured people, usually in a hospital
3.physician /fɪˈzɪʃn/		c) the state or quality of being pure
4. nurse /nɜːs/		d) a person who starts an organization, institution, etc. or causes something to be built
5. feat /fiːt/		e) a person who does a job without being paid for it
6.affirmation /ˌæfəˈmeɪʃn/		f) a group of countries or states that are controlled by one leader or government
7. purity (pure) /ˈpjʊərəti/	Lake Baikal	j) is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes
8. founder /ˈfaʊndə(r)/		h) a person's mind and all the ideas that they have in it when they are thinking
9. the Crimean War /ðə kraɪˌmiːən ˈwɔː(r)/		i) to give things to a large number of people
10. anaesthesia /ˌænəsˈθiːziə/		j) to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness
11. to cure /kjʊə/		k) a war fought by Britain, France and Turkey against Russia between 1853 and 1856 in the Crimea, a part of the Ukraine. Russia wanted power over Turkey, and Britain and France wanted to end Russia's power in the Black Sea. Most of the military action was around Sebastopol, the Russian navy base.
12. to distribute / dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/		l) a doctor, especially one who is a specialist in general medicine and not surgery
13. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪəz/		m) an action that needs will, strength and courage
14. thoughts /θɔːts/		n) a definite or public statement that something is true or that you support something strongly

Task 2. Use the new words from task 1in these sentences and translate them

It was in ___ during which the European public were able to follow events as they happened, because of the invention of the telegraph (= a device for sending messages along wires by the use of electric current).
I'd like to hear your ____ on the subject.
Miss Brown tries to read ____ every day and they really help her in life.
A doctor who is trained to perform ____ (= medical operations that involve cutting open a person's body) is called a ___
Please consult your ___ before beginning going on a diet and do any new exercise program.
I work as a registered ___ in an emergency department.
___ of Alexander Matrosov is immortalized in the memory of the Russian people.
The ____ of the water is tested regularly.
The Russian ____ commonly referred to as Imperial Russia, extended across Eurasia and the North America from 1721 till 1917, and it had large provinces.
My dentist gave me ___ that helped him to treat my tooth as I had a sharp pain.
The doctor managed ___ her of her illness.
The money was ____ among schools in the area.
She was a ____ for the Red Cross before training as a nurse.
____ of neurosurgery is considered to be Nikolay Burdenko.

Task 3. Read and translate the information about the outstanding Russian doctors

Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881)

He was born in Moscow and was a hereditary Russian nobleman. He came from а poor family and was the 13th child in the family. He often watched the doctor's examination and treatment of his elder brother. Since childhood little Nikolay wanted to be a doctor. He entered the Moscow University at the age of 14 and when he was only 22 years old he was given the title "Professor of Medicine" for his dissertation research about the abdominal aorta. Nikolai Ivanovich worked for hours in the anatomical theater, cutting soft tissues, examining diseased organs, sawing bones, looking for a replacement for damaged joints. Pirogov was the first to come up with the idea of plastic surgery, applied anesthesia in military field surgery, applied a plaster cast for the first time in the field, suggested the existence of pathogenic microorganisms that cause suppuration of wounds.

Nikolay studied in Berlin for a long time and when he came back to Russia in 1844, he wrote: "The time is not far off when a thoroughly study of traumatic and hospital miasmas* will give a surgeon another direction" (miasma* - "pollution"). Pirogov was close to creating an antiseptic teaching. He used antiseptic agents in some cases: silver nitrate, lime chloride, wine and camphor alcohol. He tried to solve the problem of surgical infections organizationally: he demanded to allocate a "special department" for infectious patients. And formulated one of the main postulates of modern antiseptics - the principle of flow separation: "clean patients - separately".

Now Nikolay Ivanovich is considered:

* The founder of military field surgery. He suggested sorting the wounded soldiers. He used the work of nurses of mercy on the battlefield.

* Widely used gypsum for the purpose of immobilization.

* First applied ether anesthesia in the war (February 1847). Suggested rectal, intravenous anesthesia.

* Author of "ice anatomy", created the atlas of 240 tables. More than 1000 handwritten drawings.

* Gave a description of the traumatic shock.

* Pioneer in the study of bone tuberculosis.

* Fundamentals of bone plastic surgery, rhinoplasty in Russia, great achievements in the field of pedagogy.

Nikolay Vasilyevich Sklifosovsky (1836-1904)

Nikolay Vasilyevich was a Russian surgeon and physiologist of Moldavian origin. Born in 1836, graduated from the medical Faculty of Moscow University in 1859. He was the Honored Professor, Director of the Imperial Clinical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences of Princess Elena Pavlovna in St. Petersburg. He was a founder of the "Clinical Town" at Devichye Pole.

He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in Kharkov in 1863 for his dissertation: "On a blood parotid tumor." In 1866 and 1867 he worked in Germany at the Pathology and Anatomical Institute under the guidance of Professor Virchow and the surgical clinic with Professor Langenbeck in the Prussian army. He worked at bandaging centres and in the military field hospital. Then he worked in clinics in France and in England.

On his return to Russia, he published a whole series of works (a list of them is in K. E. Lopatto's dissertation, "Department of Surgery, Pathology at the Imperial military Medical Academy", published in 1898), thanks to which, in early 1870, he was invited to the Surgery Department at Kiev University.

In 1871, Nikolay Sklifosovsky moved to the Department of Surgical Pathology at the Imperial Medical Surgical Academy.

Nikolay Alexandrovich Semashko (1874-1949)

He was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet statesman and academic who headed the People's Commissariat of Health from 1918 until 1930. He was one of the organizers of the health system in the Soviet Union (often called the Semashko system), an academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences (1944). During his work the state health system was created, the fight against epidemics was carried out, a program for the protection of motherhood and childhood was developed, the health centre business was developed, the network of scientific research was expanded.

Essentuki. Mud Baths in honour of Nikolay Semashko

Task 4. Finish the dialogues

I. - Hello, Helen! It's time for our seminar about the outstanding Russian Doctors.

- Hello, Kate. Yes, I know. But I have a mess in my head, a lot of information. Can you prompt me about some of them?

- With great pleasure!

- Do you know what this building is named after? (Essentuki)

- Yes, __________

- Could you tell me about this person?

- _........._

- Thanks for help, Helen!

II. - Oh, dear! I have to pass the test about Nikolay Pirogov, but I don't remember him. Would [wud] you help me, Mum?

Yes, sonny. He was born in____________

And when did he study?

_____

At what age did he enter the Moscow State University?

______

So young! Did he make a research work?

_____

What happened to him in the Crimean War?

______

Why did he watch at the butcher's work for a long time?

_------.____

What was his interest at the sculptor?
-------

What did he contribute in our medicine?

_____

Task 4.1. Translate the dialogue - questions into English, answers into Russian

- Чем знаменит Николай Васильевич Склифосовский?

- Nikolay Sklifosovsky was a well-known Russian surgeon, who loved his job so much he could actually spend up to 50 hours at the operating table without sleep, rest or food. His talent was recognized quite early - he was only a little over forty when his name began to be pronounced with awe and admiration throughout the world.

- Что ты Вы можете рассказать о детстве Николая Склифасовского?

- Nikolay Sklifosovsky was born on 25 March 1836 in a small village in the south of Russia; he was the ninth child in a family of 12. The family wasn't particularly well-off. His sad childhood and lack of friends made small Nikolay take an interest in science - at the gymnasium where he studied he was considered one of the best students and was even granted a silver medal, which helped him to enter the Moscow State University.

- Как жил студент Николай?

- His studentship turned out to be as miserable as his childhood: Sklifosovsky lived on a scholarship and often went without food. In 1859 he graduated from the university with honors and moved to Odessa to work.

- В каком году он стал серьёзно интересоваться хирургией?

- 1859 was an important year in the life of the future surgeon - he became an attending physician in the surgery department at Odessa's central hospital and started to earn money and gain experience. He even rejected a posting as chief doctor - Sklifosovsky was after experience and knowledge, not fame and regalia.

Task 5. Use the proper form of the Past Simple to complete the sentences about Nikolay Pirogov.

Nikolai Pirogov 1 (родиться) on November 25, 1810 in Moscow. His father 2 (быть) a military treasurer, and his mother 3 (происходить) from a merchant family.

At first, Nikolai 4 (обучаться) at home, and then 5 (получать) an education at the Kryazhev boarding school. When his father's financial situation 6 (ухудшаться), he 7 (покидать) there. In 1823, the young man 8 (поступать) the Imperial Moscow University at the Faculty of Medicine. In 1828, Nikolai 9 (получать) the title of doctor and 10 (начинать) studying at the Professorial Institute. His teacher 11 (быть) Ivan Moyer. In 1833, the student 12 (защищать диссертацию) and 13 (уезжать) to study at the University of Berlin. In 1836, he 14 (возвращаться)to Russia and 15 (устроиться на работу) at the Imperial University of Dorpat.

In 1841, Nikolai Ivanovich 16 (переехать) to St. Petersburg and 17 (начинать) to train future military surgeons. He 18 (вводить) new methods, thanks to which it 19 (стать) possible to avoid amputation of limbs. A talented surgeon 20 (вести научную деятельность) research on frozen corpses. This is how topographic anatomy 21 (появляться).

Task 6. Read and translate the information about Vladimir Bekhterev

Vladimir Mikhaylovich Bekhterev was born on 20th of January, 1857 in the village Sorali, Vyatka (now Kirov). Vladimir's father - Mikhail Pavlovich - was a district police officer; his mother, Maria Mikhailovna - was a daughter of a titular councilor. Beside Vladimir they had two more sons in the family: Nikolay and Aleksander, older than he by 6 and 3 years respectively. In 1864 the family moved to Vyatka, and within a year the head of the family died of tuberculosis when Vladimir was still very young. While his childhood was not simple, Bekhterev had the opportunity to attend Vyatka gymnasium in 1867, one of the oldest schools in the Russian Empire.

Vladimir, being an alumnus of gymnasium, read the announcement that the St. Petersburg Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy was recruiting students, and then in one week, alone, he reached the capital by steamer.

The way to psychiatry [sʌɪˈkʌɪətri] in Bekhterev's case began with a psychiatric [ˌsaɪkɪ'ætrɪk] clinic as a patient. He brilliantly passed the exams to the Medical and Surgical Academy, but did not pass by age. Six months were missing before the mandatory [ˈmandət(ə)ri] age limit of 17.

Vladimir came to the rector of the Academy. The enrollment took place. But the situation did not pass without a trace. He had a nervous breakdown (according to the diagnosis of Bekhterev himself - "severe neurasthenia").

As a result, he spent 28 days in the Academy's mental and nervous diseases clinic with a diagnosis of acute polymorphic psychotic disorder («острое полиморфное психотическое расстройство»).

His health had been restored and in the clinic this fresher began a friendship with the doctor Sikorsky. From that unusual case Vladimir began to show his interest in the treatment of mental illness. When he was at the 4th course, he chose the specialization "nervous and mental illnesses".

Bekhterev received the doctorate from the Medical-Surgical Academy of Saint Petersburg in 1881 and then studied abroad for about four years. He returned to Russia in 1885, proved his dissertation, and became the professor of psychiatric diseases at the University of Kazan, where he established the first laboratory of experimental psychology in Russia the next year. He became professor of psychiatry at the Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg in 1893 and founded a psychoneurological institute there in 1907, though he was forced to resign his professorship in 1913. He was restored following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and chaired the department of psychology and reflexology at the University of Petrograd from 1918 until his death.

A competitor of Ivan Pavlov, Bekhterev independently developed a theory of conditioned reflexes, studying both inherited and acquired reflexes in the laboratory. Bekhterev's most lasting work was his research on brain morphology and his original description of several nervous symptoms and illnesses. He discovered the superior vestibular nucleus (Bekhterev nucleus), as well as several other previously unknown brain formations. He also described numbness of the spine (Bekhterev's disease) and new forms of spondylitis and other diseases.

Bekhterev was nominated for the Nobel Prize several times, but it was never awarded to the scientist.

Vladimir Mikhailovich also created the world's first neuroscientific training center: in 1907 a Psychoneurological Institute appeared in St. Petersburg. The scientists practiced and studied science.

There were many legends concerning the incredible efficiency and asceticism of Vladimir Mikhailovich. For example, between lectures he conducted hypnosis sessions, he could sleep not more than 5 hours [a͟ʊ'əz] a day. He was modest and undemanding. Bekhterev almost never walked as he regarded his time best of all. He neither [ˈnʌɪðə] drank alcohol nor smoked. He was fond of winter swimming and it helped him to harden his body, the Russian word "walrus". He ate a little, mainly vegetarian and dairy food. There is a mystery about his sudden death. On December 23, 1927, after having lectured on child neurology at the Congress, Bekhterev went to the Kremlin to examine Joseph Stalin. About 3 hours later he came back to the Congress for a meeting and said to some colleagues [kɒ̱liːg] there: "I have just examined a paranoiac with a short, dry hand." The day after, Bekhterev suddenly died, causing speculation that he was poisoned by Stalin as revenge [rɪ'vendʒ] for the diagnosis.

After Bekhterev created a method for studying the thinnest sections of the frozen human brain, an extraordinary professor at the University of Berlin, a well-known anatomist and author of the anatomy manual F. Kopsch said a phrase quoted dozens of times: "Only two people know the anatomy of the brain perfectly: God and Bekhterev".

Bekhterev founded the Neurology Journal ("Nevrologichesky Vestnik"), the first Russian journal on nervous diseases, in 1896. He also proved the approach in studying the human's behavior as it was the first signal in many mental diseases. His study of reflexes influenced the growing behaviourist movement of psychology [saɪkɒ̱ləʤi] in the United States.

Task 7. Find these phrases from the text

отец был исправником, мать - дочь титулярного советника
туберкулёз
иметь возможность
старейшая школа Российской Империи
выпускник гимназии
прочитать объявление
за одну неделю в одиночку он добрался до столицы на пароходе
путь к психиатрии
обязательное возрастное ограничение
зачисление состоялось
ситуация не прошла бесследно
нервный срыв
Здоровье было восстановлено
первокурсник
он проявил интерес к лечению психиатрических заболеваний
защитить диссертацию
первая лаборатория экспериментальной психологии
вынужден уйти с должности
"моржевание"
быть восстановленным в должности

Task 8. Answer the questions

What do you know about Professor Vladimir Bekhterev?
Who was Natalia Bekhtereva to this Professor and what famous medical organization was headed by her?
What was his childhood?
How did he become the student of the medical Academy as he was not 17 years old?
Why was Vladimir interested in psychiatry?
When did this young specialist receive the Doctorate Degree?
When was the first laboratory of experimental psychology opened?
Why was Bekhterev considered Ivan Pavlov's opponent?
What were the most significant Professor's scientific discoveries?
What kind of person was he relation to himself and others?
What is the common quotation about Vladimir Bekhterev?
Do you believe in the official cause of his death "acute heart failure as a result of intestinal poisoning"? Why or why not?

Task 9. Translate the sentences into Russian

На последнем курсе обучения в медицинской Академии Бехтерев принял участие в Русско-турецкой войне 1877-1878 гг. в составе «летучего санитарного отряда братьев Рыжовых». И там же проявился литературный дар, он начал публиковать заметки под псевдонимом "Санитар".
В связи с отказом Советской России от выплаты долгов Российской империи страны Антанты 19 октября 1919 года объявили продовольственную блокаду Советам. 1 января 1920 г В.М. Бехтерев обратился к врачам всего мира с протестом против этого шага. 16 января 1920 года блокада была снята.
Для академика Бехтерева истина всегда была дороже титулов и должностей.
Как ни странно, болезнью Бехтерева названа не неврологическое заболевание, а системная болезнь суставов. Болезнью Бехтерева страдали писатели Карел Чапек и Николай Островский.
Первое в мире нейрохирургическое отделение было создано Бехтеревым в клинике Казанского университета. Одним из слушателей знаменитых лекций Бехтерева в Казанском университете был Алексей Максимович Пешков, будущий писатель Максим Горький.

Task 10. Read and translate the text about the outstanding gynecologist Vladimir Snegirev, write down the unknown words with transcription

God's Doctor and Incredible Optimist - Doctor Vladimir Snegirev (1847-1916)

Vladimir Fedorovich Snegirev, well-known Russian gynecologist [ˌgaɪnə'kɔləʤɪst], Doctor of Medicine, Honored ['ɒnəd] Professor of the Moscow University, one of the founders of Russian gynecology, was born on the 27th of June 1847, in Moscow, in the family of a clerk [kla:k]. In 1852 his father died from cholera [kɒ̱lərə], and 4 years later his mother died, leaving six children orphaned [ɔ͟ː(r)fənd]. For a short time, Volodya Snegirev was in the care of his distant relative, and then he was placed in the Moscow orphanage [ɔ͟ː(r)fənɪʤ], where children "were beaten more often than fed".

Nine-year-old Volodya was lucky enough [ɪnʌ̱f] to enter the gymnasium at the state expense, but after the death of the relative, there was no source of support, and due to the "poverty" of the boy, completely disregarding his desire, he was sent to the Kronstadt Navigator School, where the barrack conditions turned out to be even more severe than in the orphanage.

But he didn't finish this school either: Vladimir was registered as a sailor on the frigate [ˈfrɪgət] "Smely" (brave or bold). However, military service did not attract Snegirev. It is difficult to say how his fate would have turned out if the merchant [mɜ͟ːtʃənt] and industrialist Pavel Grigoryevich Shelaputin had not appeared on his life path. After hearing the young man's story that he dreamed of studying "to be a doctor", but due to lack of funds he was forced to swim as a cabin boy, Shelaputin believed in the young man, took him to his house, gave him education.

In 1865 V.F. Snegirev entered the medical Faculty of the Moscow University. He was a diligent [dɪ̱lɪʤ(ə)nt] student, carefully studied anatomy.

Student's years passed quickly and young Vladimir comprehended knowledge with great diligence, enthusiastically absorbed science, which he dreamed about a lot while sailing on a ship. But there were also hard times: sometimes he had to be malnourished [mæ̱lnʌ̱rɪʃt], and he had not enough clothes, but this in no way affected his human qualities and education. On June 9, 1870, Vladimir Snegirev graduated from the medical faculty with high honours.

After graduating from the university in 1870, he entered the position of a supernumerary resident (сверхштатный ординатор) at the Yauza Hospital for Workers. While working in a hospital, doctor Snegirev became interested in the question of working and living conditions influenced to woman's [wʊmən] health. Soon he developed a number of measures [me̱ʒə] for the prevention of women's [wɪ̱mɪn] diseases [dɪzi͟ːzis]. In the same year 1870, he received the position of a supernumerary doctor of the obstetric department at the Moscow Educational Home. And all staff positions, including the post of director, were headed by German doctors, who were successful in this field.

In 1871, he went to fight cholera in the Podolsk district and the selfless work of the young doctor gave its results: by the end of the summer, the epidemic was over.

On December 19, 1873, Vladimir Fedorovich received the degree of Doctor of Medicine for the dissertation in the field of gynecology. As a result, a one-year scientific trip to Germany, England and France was provided. His main goal in studying abroad was to lay the foundation of gynecology as a science in the Russian Medicine, to provide gynecological care to a woman. He also tried to convince that it is impossible to conduct clinical teaching of gynecology without surgery.

Snegirev was not only an outstanding surgeon, but also a physician. He perfected his method of collecting anamnesis [ˌanəmˈniːsɪs]. He believed that further treatment and approaches depend on what data you received during the survey ['səːveɪ]. He had an individual approach to each of his patients.
Vladimir Fedorovich and his school are characterized by the study of the integral woman's organism in the connection with the environment. He paid great attention to postoperative care.

In 1884, the same year he received the title of extraordinary professor at the Moscow University. Since 1886, due to his initiative, gynecological departments with operating rooms at hospitals began to open. In 1887, Professor Snegirev and his followers and students organized the Moscow Obstetric and Gynecological Society [səsa͟ɪɪti].

Vladimir Fedorovich actively proved the great efficiency of summer practice for medical students as he believed that future doctors would be able know their future profession more closely, as well as a favorable environment and a friendly atmosphere contributed to the better assimilation of the acquired knowledge.

Doctor Snegirev had exceptional abilities and an extraordinary memory, he read [red] with amazing speed, which, of course, was useful to him during his studies and further activities. He learnt three foreign languages quite easy. He was able to unite people, was always sincere [sɪn'sɪə] and tried to find this sincerity [sɪn'serətɪ] in others [ʌ̱ðə)]. He inspired cheerfulness in everyone with his cheerful mood, which came from the depths of his kind noble heart. Despite his high position, Doctor Snegirev lived modestly, and considered his work and his labors also modest.

Being a sincere patriot, he always stressed that our country had plenty of its own talents and that the achievements of our science could not be hushed up or downplayed. Among the outstanding achievements of Doctor Snegirev is that he was one of the first to open the doors of his clinic for women doctors.

On December 19, 1916, at the age of 69, Vladimir Fedorovich died.

Task 11. Match the words with the meanings

1. merchant	a) care about other people more than yourself
2. sincerity	b) a set of information about the development of the disease from the moment of its occurrence to the present moment, living conditions, past illnesses, residual phenomena, etc.; an important auxiliary tool for diagnosis and treatment
3. survey	c) a person who navigates a ship, aircraft
4. bold [bo͟ʊld]	d) an infectious and often fatal bacterial disease of the small intestine, typically contracted from infected water supplies and causing severe vomiting and diarrhea [da͟ɪ͟əri͟ːə]
5. frigate	e) the absence of pretence (притворство), deceit (обман), or hypocrisy (лицемерие)
6. anamnesis	f) a child whose parents are dead
7. selfless	g) a person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially one dealing with foreign countries or supplying goods to a particular trade
8. clerk	h) a warship with a mixed armament, generally lighter than a destroyer and of a kind originally introduced for convoy escort work
9. navigator	i) having or showing care and conscientiousness (добросовестность) in one's work or duties
10. cholera	j) a person employed in an office or bank to keep records, accounts, and undertake other routine administrative duties
11. orphan	k) showing a willingness to take risks; confident and courageous
12. diligent	l) an investigation of the opinions or experience of a group of people, based on a series of questions

Task 12. Translate the sentences and answer them

Кто такой Владимир Снегирёв?
Какое было его детство?
Кто помог мальчику в детстве?
Кем работал молодой Владимир на фрегате «Смелый»?
Что случилось с ним на корабле?
Где учился Владимир?
Какова тема его диссертации?
Что он получил за отличную учёбу?
Куда поехал работать молодой врач после окончания университета?
Какие основные принципы работы с пациентом были у этого доктора?
Что внедрил доктор Снегирёв?
Когда он получил звание профессора?
Каким человеком был доктор Снегирёв?
Каковы его выдающиеся достижения?
Какую клинику создал Профессор Снегирёв?
Где находится Центр акушерства и гинекологии, названный в честь Профессора Снегирёва?

Task 13. Put the questions to the underlined word or phrases

Vladimir was born on the 27th of June 1847, in Moscow, in the family of a clerk. (2q)
In 1852 his father died from cholera, and 4 years later his mother died, leaving six children orphaned.
After graduating from the university in 1870, he entered the position of a supernumerary resident at the Yauza Hospital for Workers.
Military service did not attract young Snegirev.
After hearing the young man's story that he dreamt of studying "to be a doctor", but due to lack of funds he was forced to swim as a cabin boy, Shelaputin believed in the young man, took him to his house, gave him education.
While working in a hospital, Doctor Snegirev became interested in the question of working and living conditions influenced to woman's health.
In 1884, the same year he received the title of extraordinary professor at the Moscow University.
Vladimir Fedorovich actively proved the great efficiency of summer practice for medical students as he believed that future doctors would be able know their future profession more closely, as well as a favorable environment and a friendly atmosphere contributed to the better assimilation of the acquired knowledge.

Презентация

11.04.2022