Заключительный урок по теме "Экология"

Задачи:

1. углубить и обобщить знания по теме;
2. развивать речевые умения (аудирование, говорение);
3. развивать познавательный интерес; формировать навыки анализа и оценки предлагаемой информации;
4. воспитывать у школьников активную жизненную позицию, ответственное отношение к окружающей среде.

O6opудование: лозунги: "Think globally, act locally!"; "Nature is the source of people's life"; "Environmental protection concerns everyone!" цитата из Д. Голсуорси: "If you don't think about the future, you will not have it"; плакаты, видеофильм об экологической ситуации в городе.

Музыкальный фон. Ученики читают стихотворение.

"Hug the Earth" by Horraine Bayes.

Walking along feeling free
Feeling the Earth here with me
And I love her, she loves me,
I hug the Earth, the Earth hugs me.

She’s our friend,
We’d like to be together forever
The Earth is a garden
It’s a beautiful place
For all living creatures
For all the human race!

Helping mother Earth
We can peacefully roam
We all deserve a place
We can call our home.

Food is a treasure from the soil and the sea.
Clean, fresh air from the plants and the trees.
The warmth of the sun giving life each day
Turns water into rain, it's nature's way.
And I would like to thank you, Mother Earth,
I like to see you dressed in green and blue
I want to be loved by you.

T. "Pupils, today we have our conclusion lesson on the topic "Ecology". We shall discuss many important problems connected with our topic. The word “environment” means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town environment; for others, their environment is the countryside. But the air we breathe, the soil on which we stand and walk, the water we drink are all parts of the environment. Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environmental problems that endanger people's lives. Can toy tell me what the most serious environmental problems are?

Cl.

1. pollution in its many forms: water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution;
2. destruction of wild life and countryside beauty;
3. noise from cars, buses, planes, trains;
4. greenhouse effect, ozone holes, changes of the climate;
5. shortage of natural resources, food, water;
6. growth of the population.

T. I want to pay your attention to the film. With the help of the film you will exchange your opinions about this global problem, how to protect our Earth and how to prevent further pollution. Now watch the film about ecology in our town.

Ученики читают стихотворение во время просмотра фильма под музыкальное сопровождение.

"What have they done to the world?"

T. Children, you have just watched the film about the environmental situation in our town. As this problem is global, I want you to discuss it. Please, be active in the discussion. Who wants to be the first?

P. I‘d like to start. The film and the words of the poem impressed me greatly. I'm upset because we‘ve just seen how much our town is polluted. It's easy for us to see what we are doing to the air we breathe, water we drink, rubbish we throw out but our environment is not just our town or country but the whole world. What about the habitat we don't see? Rain forests, deserts, grasslands, oceans, seas? We don't see them, they are far away from us. Everything on the planet is interconnected and when something does wrong in some part of the world, every body loses.

T. Who’d like to continue?

P. The climate has changed a lot in the world. The earth has been getting hotter. Many people say that it is because of the greenhouse effect. During the last 100 years people have produced too many greenhouse gases which are known for the damage they are doing to the ozone layer. Where do they come from? Smoking chimneys, railway transport, car exhaust pipes are pumping tons of waste into the air all the time. Dangerous gases are in refrigerators, spray cans. We produce them when we burn rubbish, wood, leaves. People and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Polluting gases fall in acid rains and harm lakes, rivers and plants.

P. I'd like to add some facts. Because the Earth has been getting hotter, the ice is melting. Because the ice has been melting the level of the sea is slow rising. Scientists say that in the year 2050 some parts of Great Britain will be under the sea. Other examples: In 1972 Finland and Russia had the hottest heat wave for 100 years. In 1976 Europe had the worst drought for 100 years. In 1989 Britain had the longest and the hottest summer since people started to keep information about the weather. In 1990 Sweden had the warmest February for 300 years. A giant iceberg, the size of Hong Kong, is slowly, melting. It is the world's largest iceberg. It broke away from Antarctic. It was 152 km long and 35 km wide. Now it is 10 km shorter because it is melting.

T. You know forests (especially rainforests) control the world's weather. Plants and trees produce much of the oxygen in the air. Who would like to discuss this problem, the state of the forests?

P. Of course, trees and plants help to take gases from the atmosphere. But they are in danger now. The world had over 9 min sq km of forests. This is a lot of trees, and many different species of trees. But they are disappearing fast. Every day we use paper - and cardboard, both made from wood. We use different kinds of wood in furniture and in other ways. Every year over 100.000 sq km of forest are cleared for different uses, and a lot of forests are badly damaged that they will hardly be able to recover. If we go on like this, by the time you are as old as your parents are now all the forests can be destroyed. This includes rain forests in South America, Africa, and Asia. The huge forests help to control the world's weather, and to produce much of the oxygen in the air. There are many illnesses, which we still cannot cure. They are cancer and AIDS. It may be that the medicines we need will be discovered in wild plants in savannas, deserts or rain forests. For example, thanks to a little rosy periwinkle, nearly all children recover from the blood disease, leukemia. If we destroy these places, we shall never find the cure.

P. I want to add something. More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution.

T. Nuclear power stations can cause a lot of trouble. Can you explain why?

P. Nuclear power station can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution. This happened in Windscale in Britain, in Three Mile Island in the USA and Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union. Nuclear pollution can not be seen but its effects can be terrible. Nuclear weapons could destroy the world. Nuclear weapon tests increase the amount of radiation in the atmosphere. Nuclear waste can be dangerous for thousands of years. Nuclear waste endangers people's lives. People all over the world protest against nuclear weapon tests. To make air clean again we need good filters at nuclear power stations, old factories and plants, and also in cars, buses. Clean air is necessary for man's health.

T. A lot of species of animals and birds are disappearing fast and can become extinct very soon. Who would like to speak on this problem?

P. I have you never seen a dodo. My friends and teachers have never seen a dodo. My grandparents never saw a dodo. The last of these large birds that couldn't fly died many years ago. Now it's extinct. Your greatgrandparents may just have seen a passenger pigeon. In the 18^th and 19^th centuries there were millions of beautiful passenger pigeons in the USA and Canada. In 1900 many zoos had passenger pigeons. On the 19^th of September, 1908 the last 5th wild passenger pigeon was caught near Detroit. Martha, the last living passenger pigeon in the world, died in 1914. Her body is placed in a museum in Washington, D. C. Gone forever are dinosaurs, California grizzly bears, Asian rhinoceroses.

P. The Blue Whale, the Panda, Indian tigers, African elephants may disappear before you have children. They are being killed off for their ivory tusks, furs, or horns and beautiful skins. Many animals may disappear as their habitats are destroyed at an alarming rate: 340 miles a day. These are rainforests which are in Central and South America, Africa, Philippines, Malaysia, Australia, India and Madagascar. So you see, rainforests are very important for the life on the earth.

T. Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems that endanger people's lives. I'd like you to discuss this problem.

P. Water is very important for life on the Earth. It's in oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. There is much water on our planet and at the same time, there is little water on it. It's so because verv little water on the Earth is safe for drinking. There is no ocean, which is not used as a dump. The Pacific Ocean, especially, has suffered from nuclear pollution because the French Government tests nuclear weapons there. Many seas are used for dumping industrial waste. Britain alone dumps 250.000 tons of industrial waste straight into the North Sea. This poison kills fish and sea animals. Nuclear poisoned fish can be eaten by people. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can't live in them. There is no oxygen in the water. In such places, all the birds leave their habitats and many plants die. If people drink this water, they can die too. It happens because factories and plants produce a lot of waste and pour it into the rivers. So, they poison the water. For example, Lake Baikal is the deepest freshwater lake on the Earth. It is 1741 metres deep. The lake is beautiful but now it is in danger, because of factories, which are near it. Both clean water and clean air are necessary for our health. If people want to survive, they must solve these problems quickly.

T. You know that noise is a special kind of environmental pollution. Your opinions, please.

P. You're right. Most of noise is made by transport, especially by city traffic, by trains, by planes near airports, sea and river boats in ports besides we breathe the air polluted by the waste of transport. Both the waste and the noise are very dangerous for the health of people, especially for those who live near the roads. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust. The waste gets into the soil, water, air. People's habitats - their homes, towns and cities must be kept ecologically clean. In the places where people drink poisoned water, eat bad food, breathe polluted air and suffer from noise they have serious diseases and die early: their children are born weak. No medicines prescribed by doctors can help them. This problem becomes more and more serious with every passing day. That is why people of the whole world must take urgent measures to protect the environment from the further pollution.

T. Well, children. In your stories, you pointed out that one of the sources of pollution is transport. Therefore I want you to play a game and solve one problem. It's a construction of a carwash near the school stadium. The self-employed of our town decided to build a carwash. They cannot find a better place than our stadium. The angry citizens who live near are demanding a meeting with the Mayor of the city. Let us form a few groups. Who wants to speak for the Major, the self-employed, the citizens, the children? Be ready to make your speeches in three minutes. (Three minutes later). Our meeting begins. The problem is a car wash. Who would like to begin?

The self-employed: on behalf of the self-employed I’d like to say that having a carwash means more jobs for the unemployed. We are ready to help the town to have clean cars in it’s streets, It has always been a problem in our town.

The citizens: on behalf of the citizens who live near the school stadium we want to say that the air in our town is very much polluted because there are mines in the town, and now you are going to poison the air still more with car exhaust. We are against the carwash. Keep our district clean.

The parents: We protest against building a garage near the school stadium. Look at our children pale faces. The air smells awful, the water tastes bad, the traffic sounds terrible. The best place for the carwash is out of town. Think of your future!

The children: On behalf of the schoolchildren, we'd like to tell you that this stadium is the place where children can have fun, do sports. You are stealing our playground.

The Major: Dear citizens! Your problems are our town problems. I promise I'll do my best to solve this problem. I know your opinions. Thank you for coming and for the information I've got.

T. Thank you children. It's quite clear that you are friends of nature. You know how dangerous the ecological situation is. What do people do and must do to protect nature from a further pollution; to keep the earth clean and to keep people healthy?

P. Some environmental organizations were set up and I want to tell you about Greenpeace. It is an international environmental organization. It was founded in 1969 by a group of Canadian environmentalists. Members of Greenpeace appear in the places where the environment is endangered. They always act fast and bravely. The whole world knows about the Green peace actions to stop hunting whales or killing baby seals. They block the way to the ships that try to dump waste, and work hard to create a nuclear free world. The activity of Green peace often annoys governments, companies and people who don't care about the future of the world. Sometimes Greenpeace activity can be quite dangerous. For example, on July 10, 1985, the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior that was on its way to French Polynesia, to protect against nuclear tests, was destroyed by French agents. It created a serious international accident. Greenpeace has offices in many countries of the world including Russia. People who cant take part in the Greenpeace actions directly support this organization with many Green-peace members are often referred to as "greens". The "greens" are groups of people whose aim is protection of natural things, plants, animals.

P. I want to speak about the protection of the environment. The pollution is getting worse and worse, which could easily bring us to a global disaster. The result of the environmental crisis was that in many parts of the world humans were beginning to suffer from shortage of food and clean water to survive. But there is always hope. People have already learnt some important rules to protect the environment:

Dos and Don'ts

1. Ask your governments to make laws to protect air, water and soil.
2. Develop international cooperation to solve ecological problems together.
3. Save water, gas, energy and other natural resources.
4. Keep your towns, cities countryside clean.
5. Don't waste water, gas, energy, natural resources.
6. Don't put poisons into the water, air and soil.
7. Don't dump or pour industrial waste into rivers, lakes, seas, oceans.
8. Don't turn the planet into a pile of rubbish.

T. Children what can you personally do to protect the environment to help the world?

Cl.

1. Children should take care of animals and birds.
2. Feed birds in winter and help them to survive in cold.
3. Place bird houses in the yards.
4. Don't destroy nests.
5. Be a friend to fish. Don't throw rubbish into their homes!
6. Clear rubbish from lakes and rivers.
7. Pick up litter. Litter is not only ugly, but in can be harmful to wildlife. Small animals can get hurt on sharp cans or broken bottles. Pick up litter you see as you are walking. Recycle bottles and cans.
8. Get full use of pencils and plastic pens before discarding.
9. Use less paper. Write on both sides of your paper. American offices throw away enough paper every year to build a wall 12 feet high across the country. Recycle newspapers. Recycled paper could easily be used for virgin paper in many cases without any loss of quality. Making newspaper from "old" paper uses 30% to 55% less energy than making paper from trees, and it reduces air pollution by 95%. It takes 500.000 trees just to make the newspapers we read every Sunday.
10. Plant trees to create homes for birds and animals.
11. Don't break trees. Leave wild flowers to others to enjoy.
12. Make compost from leaves. Don't burn them!
13. Don't buy drinks in plastic bottles! Only buy drinks in aluminum cans or glass bottles. Buy milk or juice in carton. Then recycle them. Plastic bottles can't be recycled, and the plastic will never decompose.
14. Don't throw your old batteries in the trash. Toxic chemicals can pollute the atmosphere, especially if they are burned.
15. Close the door carefully when you enter or leave a building.
16. Save energy. Use less electricity and gas.
17. Turn the lights off when you leave the room or when you don't need them.
18. Have showers, not baths. Showers use less water.
19. Never use spray.
20. Don't litter with paper, cans or, bottles.
21. Don't be a rubbish dumper.
22. Don't leave the fire in the forest.
23. Walk or use a bicycle instead of going by car.
24. The Earth is our home. Don't pollute it!
25. Help nature! Protect it!

T. Well, children. Now I want you to look at this chart.

It shows for how long litter lasts.

T. At last pay attention to the posters. Choose any you like best, say what ecological problem it is devoted to. Thank you children. At our lessons you learnt poems about nature, weather, seasons. They may sound as a call to the peoples of the whole world to save the Earth. Let’s remember them.

"I Meant to Do My Work Today" by R. Le Yalleinne

I meant to do my work today –
But a brown bird sang in the apple tree,
And a butterfly flitted across the field
And all the leaves were calling me,
And the wind went sighing over the land
Tossing the grasses to and fro
And a rainbow held out its shining hand –
So what could I do but laugh and go?

“Rainbow” by Rosemary Garland
Violet, indigo, blue and green,
Yellow, orange and fiery red -
These are the seven colors
Of the rainbow overhead.
Shall I tell you how and why?
You find the rainbow in the sky?
When rain and sunshine come together,
That makes for lovely rainbow weather.

Yours and Mine

The sun, the trees, the grass, the sky,
The silver moon that's sailing by,
The rain and dew and snowflakes white,
The flowers sweet and stars of night!
The songs of birds, wind whispering,
The autumn leaves, the buds of spring –
Such lovely things to hear and see
Belong to you, belong to me!

Summer, summer, summer!

The sun is shining,
The flowers are blooming,
The sky is blue, the rains are few.
Autumn, autumn, autumn!
The summer is over,
The trees are bare,
There's mist in the garden
And frost in the air.
Winter, winter, winter!
The snow is falling
The wind is blowing,
The ground is white
All day and night.

Spring, spring, spring!
The trees are green.
Blue skies are seen,
Grey winter’s gone away,
The world looks new and gay.

P. Suppose you get of your house on an early sunny April day and see. "Oh, what is it?" It's a yellow dandelion. It looks at you from the ground and says. "Protect me, please", do you know how much Russian people like it? The poet Anna Akhmatova and the writer Vladimir Soloukhin devoted their verse to it.

“The Dandelion”

A Dandelion yellow as gold, what do you do all day?
I just wait here in the tall green grass, till the children come to play.
A Dandelion yellow as gold, what do you do all night?
I wait and wait till the cold dew falls and my hair grows long and white.
And what do you do when your hair is white and the children come to play?
They take me up in their little hands and blow my hair away.

“In Time of Silver Rain” by Langston Hughes

In time of silver rain the Earth puts forth new life again,
Green grass grow and flowers lift their heads,
And over all the plain the wonder spreads
Of life, of life, of life in time of silver rain.
The butterflies lift silken wings to catch a rainbow cry,
And trees put forth new leaves to sing in joy beneath the sky
As down the road way passing boys and girls go singing, too,
In time of silver rain when spring and life are new.

T. And in conclusion, all of us should always remember the wise advice of a great English writer John Galsworthy who said: "If you don't think about the future you will not have it" Let everybody remember: we live only once and not a long life, we have one earth for all those who love it and who do not.