Развитие критического мышления на уроках английского языка

Современное общество предоставляет огромное количество источников постоянно обновляющейся и видоизменяющейся информации. Это создаёт прекрасные условия для самостоятельного добывания знаний учащимися. Но наряду с умением получить данную информацию ученики должны научиться анализировать её, делать выводы относительно точности и ценности, уметь вырабатывать собственное мнение на основе осмысления различного опыта для того, чтобы применить полученные результаты как в стандартных, так и нестандартных ситуациях.

Одним из эффективных способов развития данных умений является разработанная американскими педагогами Д. Стилом, К. Меридит, Ч. Темплом педагогическая технология развития критического мышления. Она направленна на то, чтобы заинтересовать ученика, пробудить в нём исследовательскую и творческую активность, даёт возможность личностного роста.

Учебные занятия, формирующие критическое мышление, имеют следующие этапы:

1. Стадия вызова/Evocation – (актуализация и обобщение имеющиеся у учащихся знаний по данной теме, активизация познавательного интереса к изучаемому материалу, побуждение ученика к активной деятельности)
2. Стадия осмысления/Realization (активное получение и осмысление новой информации, соотнесение новой информации с собственными знаниями)
3. Стадия рефлексии/Reflexion (целостное осмысление, присвоение и обобщение полученной информации, выработка собственного отношения к изучаемому материалу, выявление еще непознанного)

На представленном уроке по теме “СМИ. Реклама” применяются следующие приёмы и стратегии технологии развития критического мышления учащихся: “Знаю, хочу знать, узнал”, ассоциации, графический прием – кластер, “Концептуальная таблица”.

Тема: Mass Media. Advertisements

Цель урока: обеспечить условия для развития критического мышления учащихся на уроке английского языка

Задачи урока:

• совершенствовать практические навыки владения лексикой по теме “Средства массовой информации”;
• развивать навыки аудирования, с целью извлечения необходимой информации и чтения с полным пониманием прочитанного, говорения;
• учить формулировать собственное мнение и идея;
• развивать сотрудничество, доброжелательность, ответственность каждого и чувство коллективной ответственности;

Ход урока

I. Warm up.

Good morning dear students, I’m very glad to see you. We live in the 21^st century which is considered the information age. And it is not in vain. Imagine yourself living in complete isolation and being deprived of communication and any news. What will you feel in such case?

From early times people say “If you possess information you’ll own the world.” How do you understand it?

II. Evocation.

But how to choose the necessary information from the huge flow? How to make sure it is reliable? How to make the correct decision? How not to be cheated? How to feel confident in the surrounding world of information?

These are the questions we're going to discuss today.

Where can you get the information from?

(Books, school, radio, TV, papers and magazines, internet)

As you see the most powerful source of getting information is Mass Media. How can you define what Mass Media is?

(It's a form of communication providing information and news for the public)

What types of Mass Media do you know? Name them in the order of uprising.

(The press (newspapers and magazines), radio, TV, Internet)

What's your favourite one? Why?

III. Realization.

Reading

Pre-reading task: You can't but agree that every kind of mass media has both advantages and disadvantages. What are they? Give your ideas. (Write the ideas on the blackboard)

Let's read the text about Mass Media find the advantages in it.

Mass Media is around us wherever we are.

We wake up in the morning, take the newspaper or turn on the TV just to know what is happening around us. We go to school, university or work listening to the radio in the car and reading the advertisement boards on the both sides of the road. We don’t try to remember everything was heard and read but we do. This how mass media works and affects our lives.

Mass Media caters for any taste. They discuss both serious problems and entertain us. They always give full coverage of events with extra details. But sometimes they describe too many dramatic events and it seems that the whole world is coming to its end. It blunts our feelings. Watching the report about the next tragedy we take it as a usual and quite natural event.

With the help of Mass Media you can broaden the mind, educate yourself and see the whole world staying at home. You can relax after the hard working day and escape from reality. But the more time you spend in this fictional world the more addicted you become to it.

There is a famous quotation “The one who possesses the information – owns the world”. Nowadays it can be paraphrased in following way “The one who possesses Mass Media – controls public opinion and our lives”.

Fill in the table.

Find the disadvantage to given advantages.

So you see that every pro has its con. But it depends on the individual how to use Mass Media.

Listening

Today we are going to discuss one thing which is typical for every kind of Mass Media and surrounds us everywhere. Look at the slide and tell what all this types of Mass Media have in common.

(Advertisements/ Commercials)

Look at the table. Let’s fill in the first and the second columns of it now. And we’ll fill the third column at the end of the lesson.

Where can you find commercials? (practically everywhere)

Do people like them? Why?

Speak about advantages and disadvantages of them.

(Do not talk about the products’ defects; interrupt an interesting programme; make you buy one thing instead of another; (are) misleading; teach you how to get the best value for your money; help you choose best products; convince people to buy things they do not need; etc.)

Watch these videos and fill in 2 gaps in the table.

http://youtu.be/SKL254Y_jtc

http://youtu.be/LU2yt6wOoK0

http://youtu.be/CErapf79rqM

http://youtu.be/gaJFnGGECJo

http://youtu.be/KL9wZZMCzyQ

http://youtu.be/d3jHtTmAEgU

http://youtu.be/461EPisxjoc

http://youtu.be/4-M9Zh8IxXg

 

Discussion

What are the purposes of making commercials? (to tell about new product, to choose the product from many others, to make the customer to buy the product which is being advertised)

So the main purpose of advertising company is to make us feel that we really must have something and buy the product they want to sell. But how to do it?

It is known that process of advertising is based on psychological recommendations or effects which are left in our subconscious persuading us to buy the thing we don't need.

These effects are the following: the snob effect, the scientific, the go-go effect, the word and music effect, the supermodern effect, the ha-ha effect, the VIP effect.

Let's try to find the definition for every effect. (Matching)

1 the snob effect
2 the scientific effect
3 the go-go effect
4 the word and music effect
5 the supermodern effect
6 the ha-ha effect
7 the VIP effect

A The name of the product is repeated over and over again, put into a rhyme and sung several times. In the hope that you want forget it. The sung rhyme is called the “jingle”
B You are told that the product is the most exclusive and of course rather expensive. Only the very best people use it.
C Well-known people (stars, football players, actors) are shown using this product
D A serious-looking man with glasses and a white coat, possibly a doctor or a professor, tells you about the advantages of the product.
E The advertiser tries to make you laugh by showing people or cartoon figures in funny situations.
F This is suitable for teen market. It shows young people having a party, singing, laughing, having a wonderful time and, of course, using this product
G The advertiser tries to persuade you that this product is a sensation or something really new

1b 2d 3f 4a 5g 6e 7c

What products can be advertised with the help of the snob effect/ the supermodern effect/the ha-ha effect, etc.

What effects can you use advertising a new toothpaste, a cheap drink, a new tea called Royal, an expensive perfume, sweets, etc.

Watch these videos again and try to define what effects were used in these commercials? (Fill in the third column in the table)

Pair Work

We see advertisements every day and everywhere. I want you to choose one commercial and describe it according to the following points.

Your favourite/annoying commercial

Where can this commercial can be watched/heard?
What is advertised in it?
What psychological effects are used in it?
Why do you like/hate it?
And the last question for today. Do we need advertisements? Why?

IV. Reflexion.

This is the end of our work today. You were really great!

Let’s fill in the last column in our table. What have you known about advertisement?

You see that advertising is a part of Mass Media and the part of our life. In spite of all the cons it is necessary to admit that sometimes commercials help us to keep the track of all product innovations and choose the thing among the others. Be wise and happy consumers. Good luck!

V. HomeTask.

Advertise the products you like using some of the effects we’ve spoken about.

Try to advertise any product you like using some of the effects we've discussed at the lesson.

Литература

Дж. Стил, К. Мередит, Ч. Темпл, С. Уолтер. Основы критического мышления — М., 1997.

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