Ключевые слова: project activity, journey to the past of the USA, the original American thirteen states, period from1607 till 1732.
Краткая аннотация
«Конечная цель всякого воспитания – воспитание самостоятельности посредством самодеятельности»
А. Дистервег
(1790-1866) немецкий педагог-демократ
Проект – это уникальная форма деятельности, способная воспитать самостоятельность в учащихся. В школьной практике существует множество разновидностей проектов. Цели любого из них достигаются посредством самодеятельности ученика. Педагог выполняет функцию консультанта, готового в любой момент направить самодеятельность учащегося в нужное русло.
Проектная деятельность по английскому языку для старшеклассников «The Original American Thirteen States» может найти свое применение в любой школе во время проведения предметной недели по иностранному языку или в качестве интегрированного урока по английскому языку и истории. Презентация проекта рассчитана для учащихся среднего и старшего звена.
Цель обучения:
- научить учащихся работать в команде;
- закрепить материал по предметам элективных курсов на английском языке «Граждановедение США» и «История США»;
- закрепить материал по курсу истории по российской программе;
- научить переносить знания в новую ситуацию общения;
- расширить словарный запас учащихся;
Развивающая цель:
- развивать проектный тип мышления;
- развивать познавательные интересы;
- развивать мыслительные навыки: обобщение и систематизация;
- развивать и формировать интеллектуальную сферу;
Воспитательная цель:
- воспитывать самостоятельность посредством самодеятельности;
- воспитывать инициативность и активность;
- воспитывать этику взаимоотношений;
Методическая цель:
- создать на мероприятии условия для проявления познавательной активности учеников;
Подготовка к мероприятию
После выбора темы учитель объясняет учащимся цели данного мероприятия. Учащиеся разбиваются на небольшие группы по 2-3 человека. В каждой группе они выбирают себе лидера, который будет осуществлять организацию и контроль работы своей группы. Также учащиеся выбирают ведущего менеджера всего проекта, который будет отвечать за успешную подготовку проекта в целом. Учителя в данном случае выступают в роли консультантов и наблюдателей.
Оборудование: флаг США, экран и компьютер для показа слайдов, 8 флажков для игры, 4 ручки или карандаша, призы, 3 шляпы, макет корабля.
Ход мероприятия
Teacher: Dear students! Today your friends from high school will take you into an unusual journey – journey to the past of the United States of America. We will find ourselves in the 17th and 18th century. This was the time when the first 13 colonies of the US became states. That is why the flag of the USA has 13 stripes on it! Today there are 50 states in America. That is why on its flag you’ll find 50 stars. You will discover many other fascinating facts as well. Those of you who are attentive during this journey will have a chance to show your knowledge by participating in the game. And now it’s time to start our trip. Welcome into the PAST!
Scene: The event starts with the presentation of the emblems of all 13 сolonies using the audio-file of Windows Media.
Music is playing.There appear 3 boys wearing the hats of the 17th century and carrying the ship “Discovery” made of paper.
Narrator 1: In the year 1606, when James I was king of England, he gave a charter or patent to a number of gentlemen, which made them the owners of all that part of America lying between the thirty-fourth and thirty-eighth degrees of north latitude. The men who received this gift associated themselves together under the name of the London Company, and in the same year sent out three vessels (The Godspeed, Discovery, and Sarah (or Susan) Constant), carrying 105 men, but no women or children. A storm drove them out of their course, and, in the month of May, they entered the mouth of a broad river, which they named the James in honor of their king. They sailed up stream for fifty miles, and, on the 13th of May, 1607, began the settlement of Jamestown, which was the first English Colony successfully planted in America.
Music is playing. The 3 boys wearing the hats of the 17th century and carrying the ship “Discovery” leave the stage. There appear 3 narrators instead.
Narrator 2:
The history of the 13 original states covers the period from1607 till 1732.
Each colony had its own unique characteristics, but historians lump them into groups based on where they were, why they were founded, and what kinds of industry they had:
The people who settled in the New England Colonies (Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire) wanted to keep their family unit together and practice their own religion. They were used to doing many things themselves and not depending on other people for much. Some of these people came to New England to make money, but they were not the majority.
The New England Colonies were largely farming and fishing communities. The people made their own clothes and shoes. They grew much of their own food. Crops like corn and wheat grew in large numbers, and much was shipped to England. Foods that didn't grow in America were shipped from England. Boston was the major New England port.
Narrator 3:
The people who founded the Middle Colonies (Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey) were 
looking to practice their own religion (Pennsylvania mainly) or to make money. Many of these people didn't bring their families with them from England and were the perfect workers for the hard work required in ironworks and shipyards.
The Middle Colonies were part agricultural, part industrial. Wheat and other grains grew on farms in Pennsylvania and New York. Factories in Maryland produced iron, and factories in Pennsylvania produced paper and textiles. Trade with England was plentiful in these colonies as well.
Narrator 4: The founders of the Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia) were, for the most part, out to make money. They brought their families, as did the New England colonists, and they kept their families together on the plantations. But their main motivation was to make the good money that was available in the new American market.
The Southern Colonies were almost entirely agricultural. The main feature was the plantation, a large plot of land that contained a great many acres of farmland and buildings in which lived the people who owned the land and the people who worked the land. (A large part of the workforce was African slaves, who first arrived in 1619.)Southern plantations grew tobacco, rice, and indigo, which they sold to buyers in England and elsewhere in America.
Narrator 5: Virginia
On the 13th of May, 1607, began the settlement of Jamestown, which was the first English Colony successfully planted in America. Everything looked promising, but the trouble was that the men did not wish to work, and, instead of cultivating the soil, spent their time in hunting for gold which did not exist anywhere near them. They were careless in their manner of living and a great many fell ill and died. They must have perished before long had they not been wise enough to elect Captain John Smith president or ruler of the colony. (Continued)
Narrator 6: New York
Manhattan Island was discovered in 1609 by Henry Hudson, while working for the Dutch East India Company. Dutch traders soon settled there, and at Albany, about 150 miles up the Hudson River. The government in Holland gave exclusive rights to Amsterdam merchants to trade with the Native Americans on the Hudson, and the area was named New Netherland. The Dutch West India Company was created in 1621, with unrestricted oversight of New Netherland. They bought Manhattan Island from the Indians for about $24. (Continued).
Narrator 7: Massachusetts
In 1620 a group of English Puritans who fled to Holland to escape persecution, crossed the Atlantic and landed on the shores of Massachusetts. They traveled with permission of the Plymouth Company. They built a settlement and named it New Plymouth. They created a government and called themselves "Pilgrims." Others were soon to follow, and the foundations of the State of Massachusetts were laid. It is interesting to note that while the Pilgrims are often viewed as the first settlers, they were preceded by the St. Augustine and Jamestown settlements (Continued).
Narrator 8: New Hampshire
In 1622 the Plymouth Company granted to Mason and Gorges a tract of land bounded by the Merrimac and Kennebec rivers, the Atlantic ocean, and the St. Lawrence River. This area was soon settled by fishermen. Mason and Gorges dissolved their partnership in 1629. Emigrants from Connecticut and Massachusetts began to settle on the domain, but this was slowed by the French and Indian War. Afterwards, violent disputes with New York about grants ensued. On this tract of land between the Merrimac Kennebec, and St. Lawrence Rivers, the foundations for the commonwealth of NEW HAMPSHIRE were laid (Continued).
Narrator 9: Maryland
King James of England persecuted the Roman Catholics in his kingdom, and George Calvert, who was a zealous royalist, sought a refuge for his brethren in America. King James favored the idea, but died before anything was accomplished. His son Charles I granted a domain between North and South Virginia to Calvert. Before the charter was completed Lord Baltimore died, but his son Cecil received it in 1632. The domain was called Maryland, and Cecil sent his brother Leonard, with colonists, to settle it. They arrived in the spring of 1634, and they laid the foundation for the commonwealth of Maryland at St. Mary (Continued).
Narrator 10: Connecticut
The Dutch explorer, ADRIAN BLOCK, sailing east from Manhattan, explored a river which the Indians called Quon-eh ti-cut. In the valley watered by that river a group of Puritans from Plymouth began a settlement in 1633. The first permanent settlement made in the valley of the Connecticut River was created by Puritans from Massachusetts, in 1636. This is the present site of Hartford. In 1638 another group from Massachusetts settled on the site of New Haven. The two settlements were politically united, and laid the foundations of the commonwealth of CONNECTICUT in 1639 (Continued).
Narrator 11: Rhode Island
Meanwhile, there was interest in forming a new settlement between Connecticut and Plymouth. Roger Williams, a minister, was banished from Massachusetts in 1636. He went into the Indian country at the head of Narraganset Bay. He was joined by several people sympathetic to his plight. The group located themselves at the present site of Providence. Other people joined them, and they formed a purely democratic government. Others, persecuted at Boston, fled to the Island of Aquiday, or Aquitneek (now Rhode Island), in 1638, and formed a settlement there. The two settlements were consolidated under one government, called the Providence and Rhode Island Plantation, for which a charter was given in 1644. So the commonwealth of RHODE ISLAND was founded (Continued).
Narrator 12: Delaware and Pennsylvania
A small colony from Sweden made a town on the site of New Castle, Delaware, and called the area New Sweden. The Dutch claimed the region as a part of New Netherland, and the governor of New Netherland proceeded against the Swedes in the summer of 1655, and brought them under subjection. It is difficult to distinguish between the first settlements in Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, because of the early political situation.
The (present) State of Delaware remained in possession of the Dutch, and afterwards of the English, until it was purchased by William Penn, in 1682, and annexed to PENNSYLVANIA. So it remained until the Revolution as "the Territories," when it became the present State of DELAWARE (Continued).
Narrator 13: New Jersey
New Jersey's first permanent settlement was formed at Elizabethtown in 1644. A province lying between New Jersey and Maryland was granted to William Penn, in 1681, for a refuge for his persecuted brethren, the Quakers, and settlements were immediately begun there, in addition to some already made by the Swedes within the domain.
Its territory was claimed to be a part of New Netherland by the Dutch. A few Dutch traders from New Amsterdam seem to have settled in about 1620, and in 1623 a company led by Captain Jacobus May built Fort Nassau, at the mouth of the Timmer Kill, near Gloucester. There four young married couples, with a few others, began a settlement the same year (Continued).
Narrator 14: North Carolina and South Carolina
Unsuccessful attempts to colonize the area of the Carolinas had been made before the English landed at the James River. Some settlers went into North Carolina from Jamestown between the years 1640 and 1650, and in 1663 a settlement in the northern part of North Carolina had an organized government, and the country was named Carolina, in honor of King Charles II., of England. In 1668 the foundations of the commonwealth of NORTH CAROLINA were formed at Edenton. In 1670 some people from Barbadoes sailed into the harbor of Charleston and settled on the Ashley and Cooper rivers.
In 1729 Carolina became a royal province, and was divided permanently into two parts, called, respectively, North and SOUTH CAROLINA. The King of England bought the two Carolinas for $80,000. From that time until the French and Indian War the general history of the Carolinas presented nothing very remarkable, excepting their brave efforts for defending the colonies against the Indians and Spaniards. The South Carolinians warmly sympathized with the patriotic movements in the North preceding the Revolutionary War (Continued).
Narrator15: Georgia
The benevolent General Oglethorpe, sympathizing with the condition of the debt prisoners in England, had the idea of creating a colony in America with the prisoners. The government approved, and, in 1732 he landed, with emigrants, near the present city of Savannah, and there planted the colony that would become the commonwealth of GEORGIA (Continued).
Narrator 1: Our trip to the PAST is over. Now it’s time to check how attentive you were. We want to suggest you to play the team game. We need 8 students – 4 in each team. I will ask you a question. If somebody knows the answer, raise your flag as fast as possible. If the answer is correct, your team will earn 5 points. If it’s incorrect, you won’t lose any points, but the members of another team may try to answer the same question.
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QUESTIONS |
ANSWERS |
1 |
Why did the first American flag have 13 stars and stripes? |
Those represented 13 original colonies that became the first states |
2 |
How many stars and stripes does the American flag have today? |
13 stripes and 50 stars |
3 |
How many ships did London Company send to America? |
3 ships: The Godspeed, Discovery, and Sarah (or Susan) Constant |
4 |
How many women and children did they bring? |
None. Only 105 men. |
5 |
What colony did they plant? |
Jamestown, Virginia, in May 1607 |
6 |
How many groups of colonies were there? Name them |
Three. New England, Middle, and Southern |
All further questions will be based on the material your students find for the project |
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Источники информации:
The U.S. Civics, Accelerated Christian Education, Inc., 1997 (Программа Школы завтрашнего дня, учебные пособия по граждановедению США, Ф№ 133-138)
http://www.elcivics.com/13-colonies.html
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/revolutionary-war/colonies/original-thirteen-colonies.htm
http://www.songsforteaching.com/socialstudies/unitedstates/discoveramerica/theveryfirststates.htm
http://www.scarborough.k12.me.us/wis/teachers/dtewhey/webquest/colonial/13_original_colonies.htm