Проблемы экологии. Защита окружающей среды. 8-й класс

Цели и задачи урока:

развивающие: развивать способности к осмысленности восприятия и к распределению внимания, к слуховой дифференциации, к логическому изложению содержания высказывания, к формированию выводов из прочитанного и услышанного, способности к коммуникабельности как к явному или неявному выражению своего отношения к окружающей среде и экологии, развивать способности к самостоятельному труду и самооценке, к словесному выражению услышанного.

Учебные: формирование и развитие навыков и умений всех видов речевой деятельности: умение работать с новой лексикой, понимать на слух незнакомый текст с извлечением основной информации, обсуждать проблемы по данной теме в монологических и диалогических высказываниях, развивать навыки чтения с извлечением определённой информации, навыки письма при выполнении письменных упражнений.

Воспитательные: формирование у учеников гражданской позиции и ответственности к проблемам экологии и окружающей среды, воспитание потребности приобщения к мировым и местным проблемам, формирование любви и бережного отношения к окружающей среде, развитие у детей познавательной активности на уроке.

Оборудование: персональный компьютер с проектором, CD, DVD- и аудио диски, плакаты, сделанные учениками.

Teacher: Good morning, my dear. Sit down, please. The theme of our lesson is “Environmental protection”. The problem of our lesson is the global situation in ecology and what can we do with it. We are going to discuss and solve the problems of ecology and environmental protection.

Teacher: Our country. Our environment. There are many big and small rivers, green forests, high mountains, lakes and seas in Russia. Our Earth is our home. I think people must take care of our Motherland .There are some laws and decisions on this important subject. We have state organizations which pay attention to this problem. The international conventions pay much attention to the control of pollution too. There are a lot of industrial enterprises in our country, that`s why we can`t ignore the problem of the protection of our environment. Our main aim is the protection. Our environment must be clean. What must we do for it? We have to control atmospheric and water pollution, to study the man`s influence on the climate. The pollution of the environment influences the life of animals, plants and our human life. If we don `t use chemicals in a proper way we`ll pollute our environment. Our plants and factories put their waste materials into water and atmosphere and pollute the environment. There are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that` s why we must pay attention to the protection of our nature and the health of the people. Radiation. Now it has become one of the main problems. It is not good for health of people. Many people died from radiation some years ago in Chernobyl. It was a tragedy. Another problem is earthquakes, then we can protect ourselves from them. The people all over the world do everything to protect their nature, to make their country richer, to make their life happier.

2. Повторение основной лексики и выполнение заданий

б) give English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations:

чтобы мы могли жить, воздух, чтобы дышать, формировать почву, столько, сколько можем, мы вырубаем леса, мы загрязняем окружающую среду, мы производим массу отходов, мы сбрасываем бытовые отходы, сливаем ядовитые отходы, опасный для дыхания, выжить, защищать окружающую среду, решать экологические проблемы, загрязнение воздуха, воды и почвы, выбрасывать тонны вредных веществ, промышленные и ядерные отходы, отравлять моря и реки, использовать как свалку, испытывать ядерное оружие, производить много углекислого газа, вырубить большие территории тропических лесов, разрушение живой природы, вымершие животные, животные, находящиеся под угрозой вымирания, поддерживать партии зелёных, создавать парки для вымирающих видов, перерабатывать мусор.

в) match the words with their definitions:

г) на доске написаны опорные слова:

Ecology, environment, acid rain, conservation, habitat, rainforests etc.

T: Give the definitions to these words.

T: Ecology

P1: Study of organisms and environment.

T: Environment

P2: All the surroundings of an organism including other living things.

T: Acid rain

P3: When harmful gasses from cars and power plants release into the air with rain or snow.

T: Conservation

P4: The wise use of the environment.

T: Habitat

P5: An area that provides animals and plants with food, water, shelter.

T: Rainforests

P6: Evergreen woodlands that receive at least 100 inches of rain a year of world` s plants and animals.

Pupils: The first problem is pollution nature, air, water, land. Land, air, water are important for plants, animals, birds, fish and people.

2. It is rubbish problem. Every day we take rubbish out.

3. It is killing forests and animals.

4. It is the nuclear power and the greenhouse effect.

Teacher: It s `easy for us to see what we are doing to the air we breathe/ water we drink, garbage we throw out! What about the habitat we do not see? E. g. rainforests, deserts, grasslands, oceans, etc.?

Pupils: Human have been living on our planet for two million years, and in the last two hundred years humans have mode a mess of the planet: chopped trees, killed animals, polluted air, land, water It is difficult to understand, but every thing on the planet is interconnected and when something goes wrong in some part of the world. The Earth has been getting hotter because we are producing too many greenhouse gases. Trees and plants help to take this gases from the atmosphere, but we have destroyed too many trees now. In our region we haven`t big plans and factories, air is polluted by cars and water and land are polluted by chemical manure.

Teacher: What advice do you give of how to help nature?

Pupils: I think there are a lot of ways can help to save the Earth. One way is recycle litter. I am very worried that trees are cut down, because if there are no trees our health ls damaged. Forests must be protected. I want to be the kid who saves the Earth! Last summer I and my friends made a pond to help frogs. I`ve even asked my dad to help me make a protecting area for birds and other wild animals. I think we must plant trees and make it homes for birds and small animals. We are told to leave wild flowers for others to enjoy. It is important. It helps to protect wildlife. We must don`t throw away things which you can reuse.

Teacher: There are a lot of environmental groups . What are these group`s concerns? Who knows?

Pupils: I know such groups as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and others. They take care of the Earth. They protect wildlife, plants and trees.

Teacher: Well. Before it is too late, people have to change their way of life. We have to stop ruining the land, sea and air. We must help clean up the planet!

4. Работа в группах по три человека

Teacher: Now it`s high time to discuss and solve some ecological problems. We`ve divided into groups of three, that`s why you are sitting in such a way. Two speakers will have a conversation about the given topic, while the listener pays attention to their discussion. No one is allowed to take notes. I give you 4-5 minutes. When everyone has quieted down, the listener from each group become a reporter. He or she will tell us the main points of their conversation. At the end we`ll make conclusions. Our topics are: “Water pollution, The Ozone Hole, The Greenhouse Effect, Acid rains.” (Темы заранее давались с целью поисковой работы.) - Please, stop discussing. One by one report your topic and make the conclusions, announce it.

P1. “Water Pollution” - Our mission. We need to save our water, to keep it clean and healthy so people, plants and animals will always have some to drink. And so fish and other creatures will have a place to live.

P2. “Acid Rain” - Our mission. It`s very important for us to stop making acid rain. One good way to do that is to drive our cars less. Another good way is to save energy. The less energy we use, the less coal those power plants will have to burn.

P3. “Air Pollution”- Our mission. It`s very important for us to clean up the air we all breathe. Everyone can help to keep our air clean and safe. You can plant a tree, ride your bike and even write a letter to a newspaper.

P4. “Greenhouse Effect” - Our mission. Everybody can help to stop the greenhouse effect by using less energy, protecting and planting trees, and by recycling- so factories don`t need to work as hard making things.

P5. “The Ozone Hole” - Our mission. Scientists are very concerned about the ozone layer, because a lot of it has gone away in just a few years. So it`s very important that we learn to do something about it. We can all help to stop the ozone layer from disappearing!

Teacher: “Thank you, well done, you are so clever, I am proud of you”.

Teacher: The task is the following: read the texts, discuss them with your friends and then tell the other pupils about your problem. (Учащиеся читают и обсуждают тексты в группах, затем рассказывают другим учащимся).

P1. Dirty air is a serious problem now. More and more factories, cars and trucks add their bad breath to the air. Worldwide the problem of dirty air has grown. Pollution is hanging over big cities like an ugly brown cloud. It is hurting our lungs as well as the life of animals, birds, plants.

P2.One of the climatic effects of air pollution is acid rain Chemicals puff out of coal-burning factories around the world. The sulfates mix with clouds and acid rain falls and harms lakes, rivers and plants. Sulfates from one place can fall as acid rain many miles away.

P3. The rivers and lakes have some problems too. The water is so polluted that it is not clean enough to drink. Factories pollute the rivers. They dump chemical wastes into water. So the cleaning of lakes and rivers is very important.

Teacher: Please, now listen to the text “Environmental Protection”, look at the sentences in the tests on your desks but first pay attention to the words on the blackboard. Repeat them after me. I don`t ask you questions about the text, here is a little test – complete the sentences using the right word, we`ll see how you understand the text.

Environmental protection

The poisoning of the world`s land, air and water is one of the most important problems of our civilization. The seas are in danger. Many companies dump chemical and nuclear waste into water. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Arial Sea is on the brink of extinction. Half of the lakes in the world are polluted. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas. All pollution is also a very serious problem. Because many factories release sulfates into the air. When the sulfates mix with the clouds, acid rains fall and harm all living creatures. In Cairo just to breathe the air is like smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. Mexico City and 600 cities of Russia have dirty air. This causes different diseases. Because of different kinds of pollution every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out forever. People begin to realize that environmental problems are our problem. These are a lot of international green organizations that take care of the environment and “Green Peace” is one of the most active. Many governments are waking up and making strict laws against pollution. Scientists are trying to make factories and plants cleaner. In many countries there are big plans to clean up the water. And every person must do his best to help our planet survive.

Test

1. Environmental protection is an … problem:

a) easy b) important c) pleasant

2. Factories pour a lot of … into air and water:

a) a shortage b) waste c) pollution

3. What caused the … of wildlife?

a) destruction b) poison c) population

4. Many rivers and lakes are ….

a) poisoned b) filled c) used

5. Many scientists try … ecology problems.

a) to solve b) to know c) to protect

Teacher: Сan you recite any poems about nature ?

Pupil 1: Oh Russia, I`m in love with you! Remember, Russia, you are great Not in the field of battles past But in the green fields full of wheat And forests, gardens, free of dust.

Pupil 2: I love you deeply, dear land, Your hills and rivers, sand on strand Your songs and dances, lakes and seas Your beasts and fish, birds in trees. Your sunrise in a splendid sight Which gives me always such delight! Etc.

8. Подведение итогов. Выставление оценок

Teacher: Today we`ve tried to summarize our knowledge on the topic “Environmental problems” and to find out some ways how to save our planet Earth. I believe you`ll never pollute the environment, the place where you live. Thank you for your creative and active work. Good bye.