Theme: File system
The purpose: to form the conceptions: a file, a folder, a title of the file, a full title of a file, a way to a file, a file system, the expansion of a file.
Requirements to the knowledge and skills:
Pupils should know:
- the definitions of conceptions: a file, a folder, a file system, characteristics and properties of folders and files;
- for what it is important to order the information.
Pupils should be able:
To make a scheme (tree) of a file system;
To give proper titles to files and folders;
To follow the way by file system.
Program and didactic maintenance: the personal computer, the program the Conductor, posters with examples of a file system (not 1), pupil’s work book (not 2).
Course of the lesson
I. Checking of the home task
- Tasks for individual questioning – crosswords having prepared by pupils at home for the theme «Operational system ».
- Face-to-face questioning – tasks of the level of knowledge.
It is carried out in a form of mutual questioning; pupils ask each other to give the definitions of terms and concepts or ask teachers if it is necessary.
II. The introduction of a new material
1.The basic terms and conceptions
The information is stored {kept} in a computer on disks of the external memory. The
volume of external memory is big enough; therefore the order of the arrangement of the
information on disks is very important. The information is stored [kept] in the structured
kind providing its fast search. To structure the information on the disk is possible due
to formatting of the disk, splitting into sectors and trucks. Such structure of the
surface of the disk reminds the structure of the book very much. And, as you know, the
information in the book is located in order but not chaotically.
Let's talk how the information is stored {kept} on the disks of the external memory. For
this purpose we shall present a disk as a book.
The Initial perception {recognition} of the information.
Read the terms of the dictionary of the lesson and its definitions.
The dictionary of the lesson
- File is a place on a disk (group of bites) which has a title.
- File system is a special way of the organization of the information on a hard disk of a computer.
- A logic disk is a physical disk, a real disk or a part of a physical disk to which the name is appropriated {given}.
- The name of a file is the sequence of symbols allowing the user to orientate in a file system and to identify files.
- The type (expansion) of a file is the sequence of symbols allowing a computer to compare the software with the contents of a file.
- A folder (catalogue) is a set of files on one subject.
- The way to a file is a sequence of folders, beginning with the upper one and finishing with that one in which the file is directly stored{kept}.
- The full name of a file is a name of a logic disk + a way to a file + a name of a file.
Define{Determine} key words for each conception, filling the following table:
Keeping information in the encyclopedia |
Keeping the information on a disk |
| The encyclopedia is an independent, complete physical object. | A logic disk is a diskette, the Winchester which can be divided entirely or its parts, a compact disc. |
| The name of the encyclopedia | A name of a logic disk: A:– name of a diskette C: or D: – a name of Winchester E:, F: – names of CD disks... (Alphabetically) |
| Pages | clusters of a disk |
| Numbers of pages | Numbers of clusters |
| The chapters {head} in the encyclopedia are the objects containing the text information, figures, schedules, etc. | Files on a disk are the areas containing this or that kind of the information. |
| The name of chapters{heads} | Names of files. Rules of the task of names of files: 1 .Length is nо more than 255 symbols. 2. Russian and Latin alphabet, figures, the signs, special symbols are used. Such symbols as: \ / *? : “” <>are not used. |
| Sections of the encyclopedia contain thematically connected chapters. | Catalogues {folders) are objects in which files with identical subjects are collected. Names to folders are given according to the same rules, as names to files. Inside one folder cannot be kept any folders or files with identical names |
| The maintenance or contents of the encyclopedia is means of fast search of the necessary chapter{head}, i.e. the instruction {indication}, in what section, in what part, on what page the chapter{head} is located. | For the user: The way to a file shows how it is necessary to search it, what folders should be open. For the operational system: FAT is the table containing the information in what sectors of a disk (on what pages) this or that file is located. |
| The Arrangement of the maintenance {contents} in the encyclopedia is either at the end, or at the beginning. Damage or absence of contents makes impossible to find the necessary chapters{heads}. | FAT – the table is located in special (system) area of a disk and its damage also results in impossibility of searching of the necessary files. Therefore FAT – the table has a backup copy on which it is possible to restore the original |
The explanation: the first column of the table is only filled originally. The second column is filled by pupils under the direction of the teacher.
2. Files
For operational system it is very important to distinguish what is stored {kept} inside
of a file. The person visually distinguishes presented texts and figures, schedules and
tables, instructions and rules in the book. On a disk all kinds of the information are
submitted completely equally, namely as sequence of zero and units because any information
in a computer – a text, figures, programs, sound – is coded in a binary code.
For example: what can the following sequence – 01000110 01001111 01010010 01001101
01000001 01010100 mean? Can they be two colorful points? Or six grey points? Or the coded
date and time of launching of the first satellite of the Earth? Or a musical melody? Or,
at last, word FORMAT coded according to standard ASCII? And so that the operational system
will be able to distinguish what is stored {kept} inside of a file, and will neither try
to draw the text on the screen nor to print a melody, nor to sound the program at each
file except the name, there should be a format appropriated {given} in a special way
pointing to the type of the information stored {kept} in a file. The expansion written
down after the name of a file and separated from it by a dot points to the contents of a
file
The table of some formats (expansions) of files:
| Value | The examples of appendixes opening files with the given expansions. | |
| doc or txt | The file contains the text information | MS Word, WordPad |
| bmp.jpg, gif | The file contains the graphic information | Adobe Photoshop, ACDSee |
| avi | The file contains a video information | Win Amp, Windows Media the Player |
| wav | The file contains the sound information | WinAmp, Windows Media the Player |
| bak | The file – copy | Opens with the help of program in which the original has been created |
| html, htm | The file contains Web-page | Internet Explorer |
| arj, rar, zip | The file contains archive (the compressed information) | WinRar, WinZip |
| exe, com | The file contains the program – the executed file | Opens the program |
Thus, we draw the following conclusion:
1. All information on disks is stored{kept} in files.
2. Expansion points to the contents of a file.
3. The file is open with the help of the program in which it has been created, or by the
universal program.
4. Files with similar contents or identical purpose {assignment} can “be put in folders
(catalogues).
5. Also it is possible to unite catalogues (folders).
Thus, the ordered structure of files and catalogues which allows to find the necessary information quickly is formed on a disk. Such structure is called file system and it looks like this one:
III. Practicing of learnt material
- Individual work.
№1
Offer variants of names and types for the files containing the following information:
- A photo of my class.
- The recipe of a fruit pie.
- A family picture album.
- Physics paper
- The reproduction of picture Leonardo da Vinci «Моnо Lisa».
- The Record of the concert of a rock group.
№2
Show a full name of the following files:
a) Masha.txt 6) Ivanov.doc e) Pasha.doc
№3
- Find a mistake in file system orally:
2. Group work
Display the file structure containing the following objects and unite them in groups
(Suggest names to the files and folders independently):
I Variant |
II Variant |
| K.S.Petrov « Bathing of the red horse ». “Hello, I am your aunt!” K.Brjullov “The horsewoman” My family. Movie “The Star the Sun by name” “Hot heads.” “White river”. My friends. Matrix. Aria “Take my heart”. “Night patrol”. N.Vasnetsov "Alyonushka". “The lord of rings”. K.Malevich “Black square”. My hobbies. “Irony of fate or with easy steam”. “Ivan Vasilievich changes his trade”. V.Surikov “The Morning of the Execution of the Streltsy”. My class. |
“Matrix” V.Serov “ The girl with peaches” Chaif “ Argentina vs Jamaika:5–0” “War and peace” My interests “Godfather” A.Mackarevich and “Time mashine” “Star wars” My classmates V.Surikov” Boiarynia Morosova” “Titanic” Maxim My relatives I.Repin” They didn’t expect him” “Bummer” A.Rublev “ Trinity” “Taxi-1” I.Kramskoy “ Unknown woman” My Collections “Gentlemen of luck” |
3. test (not 3)
IV. The Results of the lesson
Estimate the work of the class and name the best pupils at the lesson.
Home task
Level of knowledge: learn the dictionary of the lesson.
Level of understanding: represent the maintenance {contents} of any known book as
a file structure.
Level of application: represent file system of your personal computer.
Creative level: prepare the project “The Protection of the information at a
file level”, taking into account the lacks of construction of your file system.
Literature:
N.D. Ugrinovitch “Informatics and ICT”. Form 10–11.