Задачи:
- Образовательные :
- практика речевой деятельности (устная речь, аудирование, чтение);
- активизация изученной лексики, расширение словарного запаса.
- Воспитательные:
- развитие интереса к изучению иностранного языка;
- приобщение к культурному и историческому наследию стран изучаемого языка.
Оснащение:
- аудиокассета,
- карты Великобритании и США,
- тексты с заданиями для учащихся
I. Сообщение плана и целей урока
II. The origin and the spread of English
Purpose: to practise listening for gift.
Question: What do you know about British history?
What we know as the English language was born out of foreign invasion and later spread
across the world by invasion. From the fifth century AD onwards, waves of invaders from
Northern Europe came across the North Sea to England. They were Angles, Saxons and Jutes
and came from presen-day Germany and Scandinavia” They drove the Celtic-speaking
inhabitants of England westwards into those areas known today as Wales, Cornwall, Cambria
and the Scottish borders. They established themselves and their languages in the territory
the Celtic speakers had occupied. The resulting mixture of Germanic and Scandinavian
languages became the earliest form of English.
In 1066, William the Conqueror led the Norman French invasion of England. For a period of
nearly 300 years French became the official language, although English continued to be
spoken by the majority of common people. Modern English has its main origins in the
mixture of these two languages, Anglo- Saxon and French.
III. Some words about the english language
Purpose: to practise speaking fluently.
Pupil 1. The words of the English language came from many different
sources. The English language began from the Germanic dialects of the Angles, Saxons and
Jutes, who invaded Britain and settled there from the 5th to the 6th centuries.
There are almost no words in modern English which come from the Celtic language of the
Britons, who were conquered by the Romans. There are also very few words from the Latin
that was used in Britain at that time.
Viking invaders from Scandinavia added their words to the language of the Anglo-
Saxons.For nearly two hundred years two languages were spoken in England - Anglo- Saxon
and Norman - French. In the end, the language spoken by the greater part of the population
became, in the 13th century, the official language of England. It is called Old English,
Chauser's English, a language which is very difficult for English people to read today.
Pupil 2. Later, English explorers and traders brought into the
language many words from peoples living in different parts of the world. For example from
Spain and South America came "potato", "tobacco".
A very large number of English words have come from Norman -French. The French language
comes from Latin. But many other English words have come straight from Latin. Latin was
the language that scientists even in the 17th century used and wrote their books in Latin
has given modern English more words than any other language.
Pupil 3. Many words have come into the English language from classical
Greek, for example, the Greek word "autos" meaning "self" gives "
autobiography", я automobile", "autograph", "automatic" and
other words.
Greek and Latin together have given the world a very large number of international words -
especially scientific and political words.
These words are used in most languages, though the form and pronunciation may follow the
rules of the native language. Examples are not very far away. You have only look at the
list of international words in our English textbook.
The English language, like all languages, continues to grow. New words are added from the
dialects and languages of different peoples, and especially from new developments in
politics, science/ sports, and all kind of activities.
Answer the questions:
- What languages have given very many of the words used in English today?
- From what other languages have other English words come?
- How has the English language continued to grow?
IV. American english
Pupil 4. Nearly 265 million people live in the USA and speak English.
There are more native speakers of English there than any other country.
American English is very flexible and has absorbed many words from the languages of
immigrants. Words like liaison and rendezvous /from French/, and rodeo and tornado / from
Spanish / came into the language because France and Spain once controlled parts of North
America. Dutch and German settlers gave words such as waffle and cookies, and hamburger
and noodles to American English.
Pupil 5. The first English speakers to arrive met Native Americans who spoke many different languages. To trade with them, the Europeans learned words from the local languages, and some of these words became part of American English. Native Americans also worked as guides, leading the European traders and trappers around the country. The Europeans learned the Native American names for the places they were passing through. Over half the states now have Native American names.
Pupil 6. American English has different dialects. People in the
southern states speak with a drawl - they tend to speak slowly and lengthen the last sound
of each word. They use expressions like "Howdy, у'all" for" Hello,
everybody." President Clinton, from Arkansas, has a southern accent.
In New York City, especially in the boroughs outside Manhattan, many people have a way of
speaking English that is called New Yorkese. Speakers of New Yorkese often speak very
fast. They tend not to pronounce the "r" in words that end in "er". A
word like " water" sounds like "wata".
Teenagers often like to use a lot of slang, along with expressions such as "
like" and " you know", which can make their way of talking seem vague. The
words they choose are strongly influenced by popular music and fashion.
Pupil 7. Today, there are some differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling between American and British English. Sometimes the difference in spelling is because Americans wanted to make things simpler, so that a word would be spelled the way it is pronounced. As far back as the 1780sf Noah Webster, founder of one of the most famous American English dictionaries, decided to eliminate from a word any letters that were not pronounced.
| American English | British English |
| honor theater traveled standardize |
honour theatre travelled standardise |
V.Text "Two Languages or One"
Purpose: to practise reading for detail and inferring
A student is learning to speak British English. He wonders:
- Can I communicate with Americans?
- Can they understand me?
Learners of English often ask:
- What are the differences between British and American English?
- How important are these differences?
Certainly, there are some differences between British and American English. There are a
few differences in grammar. For example, speakers of British English say " in
hospital" and "Have you a pen?" Americans say "in the hospital"
and" Do you have a pen?" Pronunciation is sometimes different. Americans usually
sound the "r" in words like "bird" and "hurt". Some speakers
of British English do not sound the "r" in these words. There are differences
between British and American English in spelling and vocabulary. For example,
"colour" and " honour" are British, "color" and
"honor" are American".
These differences in grammar, pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary are not important,
however. For the most part, British and American English are the same language.
Exercises:
1. Answer the following questions about the reading:
- What questions do the students of English often ask?
- Are there many differences in grammar between British and American English?
- Who says "in hospital"?
- Do Americans say "Have you a book"?
- Is the word "colour" American English?
- What is the answer to the question in the title of the reading?
2. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of this reading.
Speakers of British and American English share the same language.
There are many differences between British and American English.
British and American English are two separate languages.
3. Study the following sentence from the reading:
"These differences in grammar, pronunciation, spelling, and
vocabuly are not important."
Which word is the subject of this sentence? These, differences, pronunciation, spelling,
vocabulary.
4. Complete the following statements in your own words:
- There are a few …
- There are many differences between…
- We can certainly …
5. Discussion:
Do people in your country learn to speak British or American English?
The reading lists several differences between British and American English. Do you know of
any other differences between the two?
VI. The additional material from the magazine "Speak out"
Purpose: то practise the topic vocabulary
Read the text and answer the question: What new facts have you learned from the text?
For 150 years America was a British colony. At that time British and American English
were almost exactly the same. When America won the War of Independence in 1776, it became
a free country. In 1782, its citizens were proudly christened " Americans", and
in 1802, US leaders began to talk about "the American language".
The USA was quickly growing richer and more powerful. Millions of Europeans came to
America to start a new life there. There were settlers from Italy, Germany, Spain,
Ireland, France and other countries and all of them brought new words and expressions to
the language. The USA became a "melting pot" of cultures.
Exercises:
1. How many Americanismus can you find in this poem?
Sing a song of people
Sing a song of people
Walking fast or slow;
People in the city,
Up and down they go,
People on the sidewalk;
People on the bus;
People passing, passing,
In back and front of us,
People on the subway
Underneath the ground;
People riding taxis
Round and round and round
People with their hats on,
Going in the doors;
People with umbrellas
When it rains and poors.
People in tall buildings
And in stores below;
Riding elevators
Up and down they go.
People walking singly,
People in a crowd;
People saying nothing.
People talking loud.
People laughing, smiling,
Grumpy people too;
People who just hurry
And never look at you!
Sing a song of people
Who like to come and go;
Song of city people
You see but never know!
2. Here are four American proverbs.. Can you choose the correct word?
- Another day, another
- dollar
- problem
- life
- Nothing is certain except death and …
- life
- birth
- taxes
- Every man must skin his own …
- cat
- skunk
- onions
- Never trust a fellow that wears a …
- hat
- tie
- suit
3. Look at these examples of communication. Which of them were produced by American speakers?
- The weather was real nice.
- Have you got a problem?
- I'm not hungry. I just had lunch.
- Could I have the bil1 please?
- I've never really gotten, to know him.
- Please write me soon.
- The injured man was taken to the hospital.
- The weather's terrible. I'd rather stay at home.
- We've leaving in the autumn.
- I looked out the window and saw a tall dark man.
- I've run out of petrol.
- Opne – way or round trip?
VII. Lightning tournament questions
Purpose: to practice the topic vocabulary
- What season comes after autumn?
- What do men wear between the jacket and the shirt?
- What do women wear over their legs?
- What do men wear over their legs?
- Where do the pedestrians walk?
- Where do people buy goods?
- Where do people buy medicines?
- What is the name of the payment in a restaurant?
- Hew were letters sent before e-mail?
- What is the name of four wheeled private vehicle?
- A long place of metal used for radio reception ?
- A multi lane road for cars
- Heavy goods vehicle
- Fuel for vehicles
- Place to buy fuel
- Ticket for one journey
- What do you eat with milk, tea or coffee?
- What do you put on bread?
- Thin sliced fried potatoes
- Sweat things given to children to rot their teeth
- Dwelling in a large building
- Container for household waste
- The floor of a building that is level with the ground
- The floor of a building that is one level above the ground
- What carries people between floors of a building
- Place where films can be seen
- A self contained section of television
- Contest between two teams
- Game plated by two teams With bats and balls
- A group of people waiting for their turn.
VIII. Подведение итогов
Использованная литература:
1. Martha Bordman. In the USA, " Titul", 2000
2. In the English-speaking world, " Titul", 2001