Bashkir instrumental culture is a heritage that goes back to ancient times. Its study began relatively recently (the first detailed study of a little more than 100 years, and the regular search and systematization of instrumental creativity Bashkir began only in 20-30 years of the twentieth century). The first bashkort people lived in a variety of ethnic groups of the Volga region and the Urals. Historically, of all the available musical instruments Bashkirs were selected melody most suited to the aesthetic needs of people. Apparently that is why such a spread was kurai, which has a long history, later – mandolin and violin, replacing the dumbra and Kyl-kubyz, as well as varieties of harmonies, celebrated in everyday life Bashkir since the end of the XIX century. Traditional performance on kubyz is also aimed at emphasizing the melodic overtone.
Bashkir kubyz is a musical instrument of of Bashkirs and Volga Tatars, and folk musical instrument. It is made of metal. Kubyz is one of the oldest musical instruments.It has very simple design: the plate is made of solid wood, length — 17 cm, width from 1.5 to 2 cm, thickness — 2 mm. In the middle of the plate is cut tongue, to the base of which is attached a knot severe thread.
It is a metal or wooden arc with a tongue in the center. The performer clamps the instrument with his lips and holds it with his left hand, bringing it closer to the teeth. The tongue is pinched by the finger of the right hand and it comes when the vibration emits a Bourdon sound, from which the overtones are extracted when changing the articulation. The sound of the instrument is quiet; the range is within one octave.
In has a delicate, tender sound. Its sounds remind the sound of the strong wind, the tramp of running horses. People consider the sound of kubyz to be magical, having some kind of strength and soothing effect for children.
Answer the questions.
- When did the first detailed study of Bashkir instrumental culture begin?
- What is one of the most important musical instrument in Bashkortostan?
- From what materials the kubyz is made from?
- Where do people put the kubyz?
- How is the sound of kubyz occurred?
Give more examples of national instruments and tell something about them.