Цель: научить школьников использовать английский язык в виде инструмента общения в диалоге культур современного мира, совершенствовать умения и навыки чтения, аудирования, говорения и письма.
Задачи: развивать языковую антиципатию (предвосхищение, языковую догадку) на основе восприятия новой лексики, умение наблюдать, сопоставлять различные явления изучаемого языка, работать над развитием иноязычных филологических навыков.
Методические принципы: коммуникативная направленность, дифференцированное и интегрированное обучение всем аспектам языка и видам речевой деятельности.
Воспитательные задачи: прививать школьникам любовь и уважительное отношение к природе, нести ответственность перед будущим.
Грамматический материал: употребление в речи видовременных форм страдательного залога (Passive Voice)
Лексика на уровне рецепции (узнавание, пассивное использование)
|
Есоlogy, |
crisis |
|
Harmony, |
energy |
|
Chemicals, |
global |
|
Toxic, |
ultraviolet |
|
Radiation, |
transport |
Лексика на уровне репродукции
|
Environment, |
to pollute |
|
Acid rain, |
to irrigate |
|
Interactions, |
to drain |
|
Consumption, |
to recycle |
|
Bottle bank, |
to pump into |
|
Combustion engine, |
wastes |
Учебные пособия: мультимедийное средство, плакаты, рисунки, магнитофон, аудиозаписи.
План урока
- Организационная часть урока.
- Вводное слово учителя, установка на деятельность на уроке.
- Отработка лексических единиц урока в речи учащихся.
- Компьютерная презентация «Экологическая обстановка в городе»
- Выполнение упражнения р.45 ех.4.
- Чтение текста р.48 ех.1.
- Выполнение послетекстовых заданий.
- Выполнение грамматических упражнений.
- Аудирование текста "Environmental groups".
- Беседа о прослушанном.
- Заключительная часть. Песня "Imagine"(John Lennon).
- Домашнее задание.
Ход урока
Т: Dear children! Today we are going to discuss the problem of environmental protection. The intensive development of science, industry and chemistry has made the pollution of the environment a global problem of our century. You know that people all over the world are worried about it. The issue of ecology is very important.
By the way, what does the word "ecology" mean?
What is ecology?
What is environment? (oтветы учеников)
I know that you have prepared the quotations of the famous people about nature. What are they?
P1: "Nature pardons no errors" (R.W .Emerson "Essays")
P2: "Get place and wealth, if possible with grace"
P3: "We must love one another or die."
P4: 'Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie which we ascribe to heaven."(W. Shakespeare)
P5: "Intelligence is the great polluter"
P6: "What if this present were the world's last night."
P7: "We are wealthy and wasteful, but this can't go on".
T: Before starting the conversation let's revise the topical vocabulary.
Wildlife and natural habitats- живая и естественная среда.
Interactions with nature-взаимодействие с окружающей средой.
To live in harmony with environment- жить в гармонии с окружающей средой.
To drain swamps - осушать болота
To revive dead waters - оживлять мертвые воды
To irrigate deserts - opoшать пустыни
To create ecological crisis on our planet - создавать экологический кризис на планете
To be filled with poison - быть наполненным ядом
To have negative influence on man's health - оказывать негативное влияние на здоровье
To spray chemicals on crops - распылять химикаты на зерновые
To protect crops against pests - защищать зерновые от вредителей
To breathe the polluted air-дышать загрязненным воздухом
To suffer from serious diseases - страдать от серьезных болезней
Energy consumption - затрата энергии
Water testing kits- оборудование для забора проб воды
Cleaning structures - очистные сооружения
To dump garbage - выбрасывать мусор
To contaminate drinking water - заражать питьевую воду
To conduct environmental assessments of ecosystem- производить оценки экосистем
а) Т.: Nurlat district is beautiful and prosperious. There are some ecological problems in our district too. What are they?
P1: Air pollution
P2: Water pollution
P3: Soil pollution
P4: Industrial pollution
P5: Litter is left
P6: Recycling
P7: Trees are cut down etc.
б) T: You are right. All these problems are very serious and acute.
As you know there is an ecological group in our school. They conduct environmental assessments of ecosystem of Nurlat district. They have worked hard and want to show us the results of their research work with the help of slide show.
Демонстрация слайдов через мультимедийное средство с комментариями учащихся. (см. Приложение I)
P1: Our district is really beautiful. There are different kinds of trees and flowers in the forests and meadows. But today they are disappearing. People cut down trees. Fires are started. If trees are destroyed and people pick flowers and grass, birds and animals may become extinct.
P2: There are many springs near our town. They ensure safe drinking water. In fact it's wonderful to drink some spring water in a hot summer day. Some springs have been ennobled due to the best efforts of our oil-industry workers. People can have a good rest and relax there. We should clean and protect the springs.
P1: Our life is impossible without cars. There are a lot of cars, lorries and buses in Nurlat. However, they cause air and water pollution. Last year the members of the ecological group conducted the environmental research. They took snow samples, examined them and found out that transport contaminate air, soil and drinking water with dangerous chemicals like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide.
P2: I'd like to add. Nowadays half of the water sources are polluted with communal and industrial wastes. It's the result of economic difficulties. To avoid groundwater and water pollution new cleaning structures were built in our town in 2003.Furthermore, modern water testing kits are used there, which help to examine water quality.
P1: We throw away too much and in the wrong place. Every spring we can see rubbish in the streets, parks. We leave litter near the rivers. Litter is not only ugly, it can be harmful to wildlife. There is a new recycling plant in Nurlat, which keeps on three main rules: reduce, re-use and recycle. Look here! First, the garbage is taken to the recycling centre, where it is sorted out to the plastic, glass, paper or metal. Then it is reduced and packed into sacks. Finally, it is sent to the recycling centre in Almetjyevsk.
P2: A lot of trees and flowers are planted in Nurlat every year. They make our town more beautiful. Moreover, they clean the air we breathe. Nurlat is a growing town. Its features change not over years but over months before our eyes. New astonishing technologies are used in designing of our town. Our district is our home. We must take care of it for ourselves and for future generations.
T: Thanks for your presentation.
T: Many people today dump their garbage into the streets, rivers, lakes, oceans. Some examples of this garbage are cans, paper, bottles and other household things. They are endangering the inhabitants. They can cut the animals and fish. So what had people better do with litter?
Sure! They must recycle it.
Open the textbook at p.45, ex. 4 (см. Приложение II)
T: Haven't you heard that in Singapore there are rather strict laws about it. Dropping litter in public is forbidden. You can be fined up to 500$. It's reasonable, isn't it?
T: Now let's work with the text "Auto-crazy" p.48 ex 19. (см. Приложение III)
1. Look quickly at the text and match the titles to the correct texts.
2. Read the text, please.
T: 1.ex.3 p.49 Say whether these statements are true or false according to the text. (см. Приложение IV)
2. ex. 2 p.49 A lot of information is given in the text. Some of it is in favour of the car, some is against, some is neutral. Think for 2 minutes and complete the chart, please.
T: 1. Find in the text and read out the sentences in the Passive Voice.
T: If you had a car, would you be prepared to give it up or limit its use in order to help the environment?
(oтветы учеников)
2. Выполнение упражнения ( x 1, p.45 WB) (cм. Приложение V)
T: Do you know that the energy saved from one recycled aluminium will operate a television set for 3 hours. And if you throw it out of the window, it will still litter the Earth up to 500 years later.
By the way, how long litter lasts.
На экран проектируется таблица (см. Приложение VI)
Ученики выполняют задания индивидуально, затем проектируется ответ, по которому они сверяют свои ответы. (см. Приложение VII)
Полилог "Nature's Judge upon Society"
T: In fact the last years nature charges the mankind with careless treatment of it. May be, that's why we have to be the witnesses of the disastrous effects of it. They are the Chernobyl disaster, floods, avalanches, earthquakes and so on.
Let's comment on the problem of environmental degradation.
You are going to see "Nature's Judge upon Society"
На экран проектируется портрет богини правосудия Фемиды.
Secretary: Ladies and gentlemen, dear guests and schoolchildren! Today we are going to examine the relations of man with nature. Stand up, the hearing is about to begin!
The Judge: We are listening to the case about the ecological problems of our planet, the environmental pollution. Nature charges Society, the Man with polluting the air, the Earth and the water. But at the same time, Society is a power, that can drain the swamps, revive the dead waters and irrigate the deserts. Man discovers unknown treasures of Nature. I want you to investigate this case impartially, to listen to both sides, witnesses and to pass a just sentence.
Secretary: Nature is asked.
Nature: Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years, people lived in harmony with the environment, and it seemed to them that natural riches are unlimited. Unfortunately, later our technological civilization, thinking only of material goods, succeeded in destroying Nature and creating the ecological crisis on our planet.
Secretary: Mankind is invited.
Mankind: About two hundred years ago Man lived in greater harmony with his environment because industry was still undeveloped. Today the situation is quite different.
The Judge: Now we shall listen to the witnesses.
Secretary: The first witness is invited.
The first witness: Our useful insects: bees, bumble-bees, butterflies can't live in the atmosphere of chemicals and pesticides. Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect disappears. If nothing is done about it, over one million species will disappear in twenty years from now.
The Judge: How many species are there in Red Data Book?
The first witness: There are about 500 species and animals in Red Data Book.
Secretary: The second witness is invited.
The second witness: The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear wastes. The Medetirranean is already nearly dead, the North Sea is following.Every year 50 mln. Tons of chemical and toxic wastes are released into the North Sea. Many seabirds and animals die because of it. If nothing is done about this, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas.
Secretary: The third witness is invited.
The third witness: During the war in Vietnam, the USA used about 10000 tons of highly toxic substances for plant destroying. Millions of animals and birds were extinct too. Those forests won't be replaced for ever. Nowadays the tropical rain forests, which are home of half the Earth living things are being destroyed. If nothing is done about this, they will disappear in 20 years.
The Judge: Thanks for your evidences. My question is to the Nature's Barrister. Are there any things that have negative influence on man's health?
Nature's Barrister: Yes, the ozone holes…You see in the atmosphere there is the ozone layer. It protects the Earth from the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
The Judge: Like a kind of roof?
Nature's Barrister: Exactly. But the ozone layer is destroyed by a stuff that aerosol sprays and refrigerators contain. People will have to take measures because the dangerous rays get through the atmosphere, causing skin cancer and other diseases. Secondly, farmers often spray chemicals on crops to protect them against pests. These chemicals are called pesticides. Scientists have found that these pesticides often end up in our food. They can cause health problems, especially for kids.
The Judge: Thank you. I've got a question to the Society Barrister. What is being done by man to prevent these problems?
Society Barrister: There are several groups in Britain which try to protect the environment.
Here is the good news: the government of different states is helping farmers to find ways to protect crops without using many pesticides.
Secretary: The next witness is invited.
The forth witness: It may seem funny to you, but man needs protection and care as much as animals do. People's habitats- their homes, towns and cities must be kept ecologically clean.
In the places where people drink poisoned water, eat bad food and breathe polluted air, they suffer from serious diseases, their children are born weak. No medicines prescribed by doctors can help them. This problem becomes more and more serious with every passing day. The modern way of life when people have little physical activity, use cars instead of walking,watch television for many hours and work on computers is turning them into legless creatures. We have to change the situation for the better.
Secretary: The floor is given to the Mankind's Barrister.
Mankind's Barrister: As you know, I must solve a rather difficult problem - to justify mankind's activity on our planet. I shall begin from different discoveries, which made brighter the labour and life of man. It's difficult to imagine our life without electricity. We wouldn't be able to use underground, trams and trolleybuses. We also know that it's very necessary to use X-rays in medicine.
Secretary: The High Court leaves for deliberation.
The Judge: The High Court has admitted that there are global problems between the relations of Man with Nature. In order to solve these problems, Society must promote education about environment by creating programs for students of all ages. We must try to make people more aware of environmental issues.
We are all part of the natural environment and need to be responsible for our interactions with our environment.
We must recognize the importance of our planet's systems and variety of life. We need to think about our part in the environment and how our actions, such as use of water, production of rubbish and energy consumption, can directly destroy our wildlife and natural habitats.
If we don't begin to change our behavior, we will have no world to live in. You can cycle, walk or ride a bike, plant a tree and appreciate the beauty of the nature around you.
So inspite of everything, we believe that the Earth is our common Home, a big green house. All the inhabitants - people, animals, birds - need to live in peace and harmony.
T: I want to add a few words about environmental groups in Britain. There are more than 300 nature centres in the Britain cities and more than 30 are in London. Children visit these centres with their teachers. They study and enjoy nature.
Which environmental group is the most famous in the world?
P1: It's Greenpeace, which campaigns in many countries around the world.
T: What issues does it campaign?
P2: They have campaigned against hunting whales, pollution in the North Sea, nuclear power, testing nuclear weapons and many other issues.
T: Besides 'Green Peace" there are other groups such as "Friends of the Earth", "The National Trust", the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. They have special environmental education.
T: What environmental groups are there in Russia?
P1: "Travels for Peace and Nature" is the name of the public movement that appeared in Russia some years ago. They led campaigns against global warming, greenhouse effect and many other issues.
T: Thanks. In fact, Russia is cooperating in the field of the environmental protection with the United States, Canada, Norway, Finland and many other countries. For example, Russia and the United States are carrying out joint projects to study the ecosystems of the Arctic and Subarctic regions.
T: What must people do to protect nature from pollution, to keep the Earth clean and people healthy?
Give me your ideas about it, please!
P1: Take care of nature.
P2: Feed birds and help them.
P3: Put litter away.
P4: Don't frighten animals.
P5: Don't pick wild flowers, plants from Red Data Book.
P6: Recycle used materials.
P7: Clean rivers and springs.
P8: Keep our school, schoolyard clean.
P9: Make the environmental programs in our school.
P10: Remember the wise advice of a great English writer John Galsworthy who said: "If you don't think about the Future, you will not have it".
2. T: Dear children! Our short discussion is over. I'm sure you are real friends of our planet. And I hope our lesson helps us to be more active in the ecological movement. In fact we live only once and not a very long life. We have one Earth for all those who love it and who do not.
Now I want you to sing the song "Imagine" by John Lennon which sounds as a call to all the people of the world to be united and save the Earth.
(звучит песня в исполнении учеников)
Imagine. By John Lennon
Imagine there's no heaven
It's easy if you try
No hell below us,
Above us only sky,
Imagine all the people
Living for today, a-haImagine there's no countries,
It isn't hard to do,
Nothing to kill or die for,
And no religion too,
Imagine all the people
Living life in peace,yu-huh.You may say I'm a dreamer,
But I'm not the only one.
I hope some day you'll join us
And the world will live as one.Imagine no possessions,
I wonder if you can,
No need for greed and hunger,
A brotherhood of man,
Imagine all the people
Sharing all the world, yu-huh.
T: I thank you for the lesson. You have only good and excellent marks today.
Т: At last I want to give homework for you.Ex.9,p.42 (WB)
Урок спланирован и проведен как заключительный урок по теме. Практическая задача заключалась в обобщении пройденного материала по теме «Экология». На уроке развивались навыки и умения аудирования, говорения, чтения и письма.
На данном уроке реализовывались следующие общеметодические принципы: основной принцип коммуникативной направленности. Также была четко выражена ситуативность (связь с реальностью). Использовался принцип многократности и новизны (использование ЛЕ в различных видах речевой деятельности). Принцип сознательности просматривался в самостоятельных высказываниях учащихся на уроке, в причастности к решению проблемы. Принцип активности реализовывался темпом урока и заинтересованностью учащихся. Принцип наглядности с элементами интегрирования. На уроке использовались ТСО.