Учебная ситуация: “Загрязнение” “Pollution”.
Цель: Научить школьников использовать английский язык в виде инструмента общения в диалоге культур современного мира, совершенствовать умения и навыки аудирования, чтения, говорения и письма.
Задачи: Уметь наблюдать, сопоставлять различные явления изучаемого языка, работать над развитием иноязычных филологических навыков.
Методические принципы: коммуникативная направленность, дифференцированное и интегрированное обучение всем аспектам языка и видам речевой деятельности; реализация принципа избыточности, обеспечение вариативно-избирательного подхода к использованию языка на уроке и возможность проведения занятий с использованием новых компьютерных технологий в группе с разным уровнем языковой подготовки учащихся.
Воспитательные задачи: Воспитывать трепетное отношение к окружающему миру и нести ответственность перед будущим.
Учебные пособия: плакаты, рисунки, мультимедийный комплекс.
Учебник: “Enjoy English” 8 класс М.З.Биболетова.
Ход урока
1. Организационная часть.
Чтение стихотворения “Daffodils”
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high
Or vales and hills
When all at once I saw a crowd
A host of golden daffodils.
Beside the lake beneath the trees
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continues as the stars
That shine and twinkle on the Milk Way
They stretched in never- ending line
Along the margin of a bay.
Ten thousand saw i at a glance
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance
The waves beside them danced
But they out did the sparkling waves in glee
A poet could not but be gay
In such a jocund company.
I gazed and gazed but little thought
What weath the show to me had brought
For oft when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss or solitude
And then my hart with pleasure fills
And dances with the daffodils.
Ведущая: Dear children and our guests! We are glad to see you. Today we have a programme, connecting with the important problems on the topic “Ecology”. You will exchange your opinions on the global problem how to protect our Earth, how to prevent further pollution of the atmosphere. Before starting the conversation let’s introduce you to our guests. Today some organizations have come here: “GREENPEACE”, “THE WORLD WILDLIFE FUND”, “FRIENDS OF THE EARTH”, and the directors of some factories: Mr.Hokin, Mr.Smith. But first of all let’s see a film( Просмотр фильма с комментариями детей)
Комментарии:The world environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in towns, other in the country.
There are a lot of ecological problems. The most serious ecological problems are: noise from cars and buses; destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty; shortage of natural resources; the growth of population; pollution in its many forms. For example water pollution: water is everywhere, but there is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can’t live in them. People can’t drink this water. So we have to clean the water environment. But it is not the only problem with pollution. Another problem is air pollution. Air pollution influents the health of people. There are a lot of dangerous. For example: ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution. Also we have problem with nuclear pollution. Nuclear pollution cannot be seen but its effect can be terrible. To make air clear clean again we need good filters at nuclear power stations, at factories, in cars and buses. Another problem is growth of population. They don’t have enough places to live. They need more water, more food. So it is the reason of the shortage of the natural resources. It is very difficult to solve this problem. Also one of the most serious problems is green house effect. It works like this: sunlight gives us heat. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere and some of the heat goes back into space. Nowadays the heat can’t go into space. That’s why winter and summer temperatures in many places have become higher. If the temperature continues growing up the snow on the mountains and ice will melt, so the most of the earth will be under water. So every person has to understand how important it is to solve these problems, that endanger people’s life. For example I try not to throw out in our city.
2. Основная часть.
Ведущая: Well, dear guests, do you like our village and our district? Do you want to see our district clean and tidy?
You know that people all over the world are worried about our environment. Our district is nice and beautiful. It is large. There are some ecological problems in our area. What are they?
- Flowers are pulled out.
- Litter is left.
- The water is polluted.
- Fires are started.
- Trees are cut down.
- Birds and animals are frightened.
- The air is polluted.
All these problems are very serious and important. As these problems are global, I want you to discuss them.
Участник 1: I want to be first. Paper comes from trees. If we don’t recycle paper, a lot of trees are destroyed. The countryside is spoiled. People cut down trees. Fires are started. We like flowers very much, but people shouldn’t pick wild flowers.
If trees are destroyed and people pick flowers and grass, birds and animals may become extinct.
PEOPLE, DON’T HARM PLANTS.
Участник 2: We throw away too much things and in the wrong place. We leave litter near the river. The water is polluted and the fish in the river die. Local industry pours its waste into the river, ocean. The cleanings structures don’t work well.
PEOPLE, HELP TO KEEP ALL WATER CLEAN.
Участник 3: There are many animals and birds in our district. We should not make unnecessary noise. If we don’t keep to public paths in the countryside, birds and animals are frightened. We are proud of our children who made some bird feeders this winter and filled them with food.
PEOPLE, TAKE CARE OF BIRDS AND ANIMALS.
Участник 4: The Earth is just the place you call home. The Earth is your environment. It means that the land, air, water and wildlife that surround you affect the way you live. A lot of people understand this and see urgent environmental problems. 52 per cent think that water pollution is a problem. 15 per cent think that when trees are cut down it is a problem. Air pollution is a problem for 32 per cent.
Участник 5: 60 per cent of air pollution is caused by different means of transport: cars, trucks and buses.
The local industries pour their waste into the rivers, oceans, seas. Modern lifestyle, in which people do little exercise, use cars instead of walking, watch television for many hours and work with computers, is leading us to catastrophe.
We have to do something about this.
Ведущая: But what would you tell us about our problem, dear guests? What should you do to protect our nature?
Mr. Hokin: I am a businessman. I am also a writer. Both environmentalists and business leaders have praised it. I propose ways that business can act that help protect the environment and society. Business has to face three issues:
- What it takes.
- What it makes.
- What it wastes.
Business takes too much from the environment and does it in a harmful way. The products made use too much energy, poisons and pollutants.
The environmental crisis has happened because we have been fooling ourselves. The most damaging part of the present economic system is that the expense of destroying earth is not included in the price of products. No effort is being made to find the true environmental costs of doing business. What is good for business today is almost always bad for nature. Natural resources are being used up much faster than they can be replaced.
So, there are three results:
- 97 per cent of the ancient forests in our country are gone.
- Farmers every day pull out 75 000 mln more liters of water from the ground than are replaced by rainfall.
- Every day the world- wide economy burns an amount of energy the planet requires 10000 days to create.
What can be done about it?
Mr.Smith: May I try to continue? I am a businessman too. And I want to say that the use of resources and energy must be reduced by at least 90 per cent in the next 40 years. This there are ways in which it can be done without hurting production levels or profits. My proposed changes are not little ones. They are guided by the example of nature.
One of the most important is to produce no waste.
This is the way nature works. All land areas where solid waste (like paper and metal) is placed must be closed. Then business will have to design products than can be reused or can be safely broken down in the soil. Business also must pay the costs of pollution and the use of resources that can’t be replaced. Business must include these costs in the costs of their products. Then the costs of products that do not use up limited resources or product pollution will be far less costly. Such an economic system will provide much wealth as it takes away a system which destroys the environment itself.
Ведущая: Thank you, Mr.Smith. Well, who wants to speak us about our problem? Oh, I see a little boy. Who are you? What are you doing here?
Участник 6: My name is Nick. I am a pupil.I want to tell you that the problem of the environment is much spoken about on TV, radio, and in the newspapers. But my friends and I don’t have an environmental programme. And I don’t care about it. I know GREENPEACE, the WORLD WILDLIFE FUND and FRIENDS OF THE EARTH. These groups are specially organized to help nature. I think they should be in charge of the Earth. So we have some ways of how to protect our environment.
3. Заключительная часть.
Ведущая: Thank you, my dear friend. I’m sure that your problem is our problem. By the way, may be our guests want to speak. Please, tell us your ways of protection the nature. (предложения гостей)
So, we could design posters telling people about ecological problems:
1. Do not pick wild flowers.
2. Do not litter the ground with cans, paper and bottles.
3. Do not frighten animals.
4. Do not harm plants.
5. Feed birds and help them.
6. Plant trees and flowers.
7. Recycle used materials such as metal, bottles and paper.
8. Clean rivers and springs.
Do you agree with it?
Ok, our short discussion is over. I’m sure that you’re real friends of our planet. We all must do something to keep the air, water, and land clean. Well, thank you once more. Our programme is over. See you soon.