Урок построен с использованием мультимедийной, коммуникативной, проектной технологий, с элементами методики критического мышления (мозаики «Джигсоу» на основе групповой работы )
Задачи: Развитие коммуникативных навыков учащихся (аудирования, чтения, говорения) по теме «Наука»; постановка и решение проблемы; приобретение навыков аргументированного высказывания; развитие мышления и памяти.
Структура урока
1. Вводное слово. Приветствие. Реализация метода погружения в мультимедийную среду с целью экономичности и креативности обучения. (Приложение 1)
Мультимедийная презентация учителя: Постановка проблемы, высказать в конце урока свое мнение по поводу выражения :
«Creativity in science could be described as the act of putting two and two together to make five». Arthur Kuestler (1906-1983) British author)
Учащимся даются в помощь вопросы, на которые они должны будут ответить в конце урока после прослушивания текста, работы над текстом, просмотра проектных работ своих одноклассников.
– Which of the discoveries is the most difficult to understand?
– Which of the scientists do you admire most? Why?
– Which discovery will have the most important consenquences in the future? Why?
– Which of the discoveries has been the most important so far? Why?
Речевая зарядка : нахождение и сопоставление открытий и имен ученых , которые их свершили.
2. Просмотр мультимедийных проектов учащихся по теме “ Science.”
3. Ответ на проблемный вопрос, заданный учащимся до выбора темы презентации “Which of the discoveries has been the most important so far? Why ?”
4. Работа над текстом с применением методики критического мышления
(мозаики «джигсоу»): Данный вид работы эффективен при работе с текстом. Сначала группа делится на столько подгрупп, сколько частей имеет текст . Эти подгруппы называются «домашние». Каждый ученик получает порядковый номер от 1 до 4.Затем создаются «экспертные группы», то есть в группу 1 входят ученики с номером 1 и т.д. Каждая группа получает свой кусок текста о великих открытиях и тщательно его прорабатывает.
Text 1
Read the text and try to get the main idea.
Be ready to make a summary of the text and tell it to your group-mates.
In the summer of 1905, a young man was sitting at home after a day`s work.
While rocking his one-year-old baby, he thought something over. Suddenly,it came to him!
The equation “e=mc2”was born, an equation which would change our understanding of the universe but would help to create the nuclear bomb.
Albert Einstein was aware of recent developments, such as Marie Curie’s research into radioactivity, but he had been working on his own. His mould-breaking equation showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy. Einstein then demonstrated in his theory of relativity that not even time, mass or length are constant – they vary according to our perspective of them. For example, if we could see people moving at the speed of light, they would appear much heavier and larger and would seem to move in slow motion.
Text 2
Read the text and try to get the main idea.
Be ready to make a summary of the text and tell it to your group-mates.
By the time Einstein had become world-famous, a young ex-lawyer returning from the First World War started work at the 15 Mount Wilson Observatory in California. Using the most high-powered telescope of its time, he began a painstakingly slow observation of nebulae, small patches of light that appeared outside our galaxy. Edwin Hubble was on the brink of making the greatest astronomical breakthrough of the century. He discovered that these nebulae were in fact galaxies like our own, millions of light years away from us, which proved that the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought. Then, Hubble proved that the universe is actually expanding and that the further away galaxies are the faster they move.
Text 3
Read the text and try to get the main idea.
Be ready to make a summary of the text and tell it to your group-mates.
Just before Hubble’s Law was published in 1929, another far-reaching finding was made by the son of a Scottish shepherd. Before going on holiday, he left a dish with bacteria near the window of his laboratory. When he came back, he was just about to throw the dish away when he noticed something out of the ordinary. He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed. This blue mould was in fact the natural from penicillin which Fleming realized was an effective way of killing bacteria. A few years later, penicillin was being mass-produced and helping to save the lives of millions. Despite the outcome of his discovery, Fleming remained modest and unassuming. “Nature makes penicillin”, he said, “I just found it.”
Text 4
Read the text and try to get the main idea.
Be ready to make a summary of the text and tell it to your group-mates.
During the Second World War when penicillin was first being used, the US Navy were looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their artillery shells, but this involved incredibly complex calculations. The navy turned to Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly, a physicist to produce a machine to do the job. Although they and their team did not finish the machine until after the war, in February 1946, it did not matter. They had produced the world’s first computer. Eniac (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was huge, measuring 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighing over 30 tons. It contained 18,000 tubes and more than 6,000 switches.
Потом все номера возвращаются в свои домашние группы и прорабатывают весь текст целиком, т.е. каждый номер обучает остальных своей части текста.
После этого учитель проводит проверку понимания текста.
5. Каждая группа получает задание , ответ на который проверяется учителем после урока :
Tasks for the groups:
1. Listen to the summaries and unite the texts according to the time of discoveries and logical order;
2. Try to match the discoveries (1-4 ) with how they were discovered ( a-d );
1. the equation e=mc2
2. Hubble`s Law
3. penicillin
4. the first computer
a) Scientists worked
together as a teamb) there was a lucky
accidentc) a scientist observed
something very
carefullyd) a scientist had a
moment of
inspiration
3. Are these statements true (T) or false (F) according to the text or is there no information (NI) ?
- Einstein was at work when he thought of the formula e=mc2
- Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb.
- Einstein observed changes in time, size and mass.
- Hubble studied the nebulae for over twenty years.
- Hubble discovered that our galaxy is bigger than we thought it was.
- Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened.
- There was a blue mould around the bacteria in the dish.
- Fleming developed the process for manufacturing penicillin.
- The Eniac project failed to meet its original objectives.
- The Eniac computer was extremely difficult to program.
4. Look through the texts and find similarities and differences
(урок по теме «Scientific discoveries» 11 класс)
5. Заключительный этап. Подведение итогов. Ответ на все поставленные вопросы. Совместная работа по анализу данного высказывания.
Коммуникация на английском языке с элементами логического рассуждения и высказыванием своего собственного мнения.
В течение урока учащиеся заносят свои ответы в лист ответов (Answer Sheet); учитель может использовать их для оценивания учеников. (Приложение 4)
6. Домашнее задание предполагает выход на новый уровень развития ученика, является своеобразной подготовкой к заданию С2 ЕГЭ:
Comment on the following statement.
It is unnecessary to develop science as any country can live without scientific researches.
WHAT IS YOUR OPINION? DO YOU AGREE WITH THIS STATEMENT?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem)
- express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
- express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opinion
- express why you don`t agree with the opposing opinion
- make a conclusion and restating your opinion