На современном этапе развития общества перед системой образования встала задача подготовки школьников к культурному, профессиональному и личному общению с представителями иноязычной культуры.
В соответствии с государственным образовательным стандартом образование средствами иностранного языка предполагает:
- знание о культуре, истории, реалиях и традициях стран изучаемого языка;
- включение школьников в диалог культур;
- осознание роли родного языка и культуры в зеркале культуры другого языка.
Современные УМК по английскому языку (автор Кузовлев В.П.) ориентированы в большей степени на формирование языковой деятельности и дают отрывочные страноведческие знания, превращая тем самым лингвострановедческий аспект образования во вспомогательный, иллюстративный.
Поэтому данный курс рассчитан на углубленное изучение страноведения Великобритании. Он предполагает изучение отдельных тем, не входящих в обязательную программу данного предмета. Содержание курса способствует общекультурному воспитанию учащихся.
Основная цель курса – социокультурное образование средствами английского языка. Ведущими аспектами в овладении иноязычной культурой являются учебный, познавательный и воспитательный.
Учебный аспект программы направлен на дальнейшее совершенствование навыков чтения, говорения, аудирования.
Познавательный аспект программы направлен на знакомство учащихся с различными сторонами жизни Великобритании.
Воспитательным аспектом является воспитание уважительного и толерантного отношения к другой культуре, более глубокое осознание своей родной культуры.
Задачи курса:
- Создавать положительную мотивацию для дальнейшего обучения в гуманитарном профиле;
- Формировать представлений учащихся о национальных особенностях Великобритании;
- Формировать умения вести обсуждение по содержанию тем курса;
- Повышать информационную и коммуникативную компетентность учащихся;
- Создавать условия для развития проектной деятельности учащихся;
- Предоставлять возможность языковой практики учащимся, желающим продолжить обучение на гуманитарных факультетах вузов.
Данный курс рассчитан на 8 учебных часов. Его краткосрочность позволяет учащимся сориентироваться в степени актуальности для себя дальнейшего углубленного гуманитарного образования в связи с его будущей профессиональной подготовкой. Данный курс предусматривает углубленное изучение английского языка, использование более широкого понятийного аппарата в целях осуществления иноязычного общения, в том числе и в профессионально ориентируемых ситуациях общения. При изучении данного курса осуществляется углубление гуманитарно-филологической подготовки учащихся. Курс построен с учётом программных требований к уровню владения английским языком на завершающей стадии базового образования
Содержание образования. Тематический план.
| № | Название темы | Кол-во часов | Образовательный продукт | Практические занятия |
| 1 | Дом англичанина – его крепость | 1 | Схема содержания в тетради | |
| 2 | Британские праздники | 1 | Таблица праздников в тетради | |
| 3 | Британская кухня | 1 | Беседа за чашкой чая с кондитерскими изделиями по рецептам национальной кухни Британии | |
| 4 | Животный мир Великобритании | 1 | Краткий конспект в тетради | |
| 5 | Растительный мир Великобритании | 1 | Краткий конспект в тетради | |
| 6 | Высшее образование в Великобритании | 1 | Схема-конспект в тетради | |
| 7 | Просмотр фильма «Путешествие по Великобритании». | 1 | Краткие записи во время просмотра фильма | Экскурсия в городской информационный молодёжный центр (отдел ин. яз.) |
| 8 | Заключительное занятие. Защита проектов «Я хочу рассказать моим сверстникам о жизни Великобритании». | 1 | Проекты учащихся | Выступление уч-ся перед всеми уч-ся 9 классов, изучающих англ. язык |
Содержание практических занятий
Занятие 1.
Аудирование текста (listening for specific information).
HOUSE AND HOME
There is no place like home
(from an old English song). About 80 per cent of British people live in houses. About 67 per cent of' the people in Britain own their own houses or flats. In towns there are three main types of houses: detached, semi-detached and terraced. A detached house, standing on its own plot of land, is usually more expensive than the others. A semi-detached house is usually smaller than a detached house. Most of these houses have two storeys, with two rooms and a kitchen downstairs and the bedrooms and a bathroom upstairs. A terraced house (or terrace-house) is one of a row of houses, often built in blocks of four or more and sometimes extending the entire length of a street.
Many people in Britain have no home at all, with the number of homeless increasing. The big cities, especially London, have a large number of such homeless people. One part of London's South Bank area has come to be called "Cardboard City" because of the many people living there in huts made from cardboard boxes.
Many homes in Britain now have electrical and electronic aids and instruments that would have been unimaginable a quarter of a century ago. The percentage of British homes with various types of equipment such as television sets, washing machines, telephones, freezers (including fridgefreezers), videocassette recorders (VCRs), microwave ovens and personal computers is very high. Nearly seven homes out of ten also have a car, and the majority have a radio. Many homes contain more specialized equipment such as audio equipment (especially music centres, audio systems and compact disc players) and home computers (including word processors).
Most British houses,even in towns, have a garden. Often there is a small flower garden at the front of the house and a larger garden at the rear, where flowers or vegetables are grown. Both front and back gardens often have lawn.
Exercises:
- Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions
- a detached house – ...
- a semi-detached house – ...
- a terraced house – ...
- Fill in the gaps
- A semi-detached house is usually ... than a detached house.
- Many homes contain more ...
- They usually have a ... in front of the house.
- The gardens often have ...
- Write the essay on this topic.
Занятие 2.
Reading for details.
BRITISH HOLIDAYS
Great Britain is famous for its old traditions. Some of them existed in ancient times and survived through centuries. Some of them appeared when Christianity came to the British Isles.
Pancake Day. In the Middle Ages people on that day had fun and ate pancakes. The most common form of celebrating this day in the old times was the all town ball game or tug-of-war, in which everyone was tearing here and there, trying to get the ball or rope into their part of the city. Today the only custom that is observed throughout Britain is pancake eating. People eat lots of pancakes. These are made from flour, milk and eggs, and fried in a hot pan.
Easter is one of the most important holidays in Christianity. In England it’s a time for giving and receiving presents, mostly Easter eggs. We can say that the egg is the most popular emblem of Easter, but spring-time flowers are also used to stress the nature’s awakening. Nowadays there are a lot of chocolate Easter eggs, having some small gifts inside. But a real hard-boiled egg, decorated and painted in bright colours, still appears on breakfast tables on Ester Day, or it’s hidden in the house or garden for children to finny. In egg that is boiled really hard will last for years.
Easter eggs. At Easter time, the British celebrate the idea of new birth by giving each other chocolate Easter eggs which are opened and eaten on Easier Sunday. On Good Friday bakers sell hot cross buns, which are toasted and eaten with butler. Easier Monday is a holiday and many people travel to the seaside for the day or go and watch one of the many sporting events, such as football or horse-racing.
I'm in love ! On 14th February, St Valentine's Day, many people send a card to the one they love or someone whom they have fallen in love with. People usually do not sign these cards and a lot of time is spent trying to guess who has sent them!
Ghosts and witches Hallowe'en means 'holy evening', and takes place on 31st October. Although it is a much more important festival in the United States than Britain, it is celebrated by many people in the UK.
It is particularly connected with witches and ghosts. At parties people dress up in strange costumes and pretend they are witches. They cut horrible faces in potatoes and other vegetables and put a candle inside, which shines through the eyes. 'People may play difficult games such as trying to eat an apple from a bucket of water without using their hands.
In recent years children dressed in white sheets knock on doors at Halloween and ask if you would like a 'trick' or 'treat'. If you give them something nice, a 'treat', they go away. However, if you don't they play a trick on you, such as making a lot of noise or spilling flour on your from doorstep!
Task 1. Answer the questions:
- What is Great Britain famous for?
- When did British traditions appear?
- What English holidays do you know?
- What English holiday do you like best?
- When do Englishmen eat lots of pancakes?
Task 2. Describe the pictures
Try to draw your own picture to illustrate one of the holidays.
Show it to the other pupils and give your explanation.
Task 3. Read the text "Ghosts and witches" and tell your mother about this holiday
Use the following expressions:
- on the 31st of October,
- it is connected with,
- dress up in strange costumes,
- pretend they are witches,
- horrible faces,
- to put a candle inside,
- to play tricks on somebody.
Занятие 3.
Jigsaw reading (4 groups).
FOOD AND DRINK
What is the Most Popular Food in Britain?
Britain’s most popular "fast food" has got to be fish and chips. Fish and chip shops first made an appearance at the end of the 19th century and since then have been a firm favourite up and down the country. The dish is simplicity itself.: Fish is dipped in a batter made from flour, eggs and water and then deep fried in hot fat. Chips are made from thick batons of potato and deep fried. Fish and chips are served over the counter wrapped in paper, and traditionalists prefer to eat them straight out of the paper because they taste better that way!
The best-known British dish eaten at home has been roast beef, traditionally eaten on Sunday. The dish used to be so popular in England that the French still refer to the British as "les rosbifs"! Roast beef is served with roast potatoes, vegetables and gravy – a sauce made from meat juices and stock, thickened with flour. Yorkshire pudding is a favourite accompaniment to roast beef.
Why do the British Like Drinking Tea?
Everything in Britain, says a popular song, stops for tea. It’s certainly true that tea is the most popular drink in Britain – far more popular than coffee. The Dutch brought the first tea to Europe in about 1610. By 1750 tea had become the principal drink of all the classes in Britain, yet at that time a pound of the cheapest tea cost about one-third of a skilled worker’s weekly wage! Tea was jealously guarded by the lady of the house, and kept in special containers called tea-caddies, often with a lock, and carefully doled out by the teaspoon.
Gradually, tea-drinking developed into a fashionable social ritual and tea gardens blossomed in London, where couples could stroll in the afternoon and enjoy a cup of tea with bread and butter and cakes. Tea parties were also popular at home, and soon the ritual of "afternoon tea" was firmly established. Today the custom of tea-time continues, and it remains a feature of any cricket match or summer fête.
High Tea is a more substantial evening meal, popular in northern England and Scotland. Most people in Britain prefer a rich, strong cup of tea with milk, and sugar is sometimes added to taste.
What is Haggis?
Haggis is Scotland’s best-known regional dish made from lamb’s offal (lungs, liver and heart) mixed with onions, herbs and spices, all packed into a skin made of plastic, or, traditionally, a sheep’s stomach.
The haggis is often accompanied by mashed potatoes and mashed swede or turnips. Although the haggis neither sounds nor looks appetising, most people brave enough to try it agree that it is extremely tasty!
Is it True that a lot of British Dishes are Named After Places?
Welsh cakes, a kind of sweet cake cooked on a griddle, were originally served to hungry travellers when they arrived at an inn for the night while they waited for their supper to be cooked.
Предлагаемые задания:
Учащиеся читают части текста по группам и выполняют предлагаемые учителем задания. При проверке выполненных заданий учащиеся всего класса слушают ответы и задают возникающие вопросы.
Task 1 (group 1). Answer the questions:
- What is the most popular British "fast food"?
- What is fish dipped in?
- What are chips made from?
- When do the British usually eat roast beef?
- What is roast beef served with?
Task 2 (group 2). Tell about drinking tea in Britain. Use these expressions:
- to stop for tea
- the most popular drink
- the principle drink of all the classes
- to cost one-third of a wage
- fashionable social ritual
- bread, butter, cakes
- tea parties
- afternoon tea
- the custom of tea-time
- high tea
- strong cup of tea with milk and sugar
Task 3 (group 3). Translate the text about haggis
Task 4 (group 4). Agree or disagree:
- Only some British regional cooking is reflected in the names of dishes.
- Cheeses are produced in many regions.
- A pastry case is filled with fruits.
- A pastry case is traditional evening meal.
- Welsh cakes were originally served to hungry travellers.
Занятие 4.
Reading for specific information.
ANIMALS
Barn Owl
Barn owls live in open country with some trees for cover and nesting sites. They usually become active at dusk, when they can be seen flying low over the ground in a slow, wavering flight with occasional short glides.
Grey Squirrel
Their food consists of buds and shoots, nuts, seeds and fungi. Their sharp incisor teeth can very quickly cut a hole in a hazelnut shell which they hold in their forefeet. They then crack it open in a crowbar-like action to extract the kernel inside.
They are popular with the public, especially in urban areas where they are among the most visible wild mammals.
Hedgehog
The Hedgehog has a powerful forefoot and claws for digging for its favourite food of slugs and worms – they may eat 40 or more slugs a night. They can also climb, swim and can sprint a surprisingly fast 6 mph! If threatened they can roll up into a ball as protection against predators. Their biggest enemy apart from man is the badger.
Mole
Moles are common throughout Britain, but rarely seen as they spend almost their entire time underground, only occasionally appearing above ground at the top of one of their characteristic molehills, and even then usually only the head and pink fleshy snout is revealed. Moles have a well developed sense of orientation retaining a mental plan of their complex layout of underground tunnels. The uniform texture of the fur allows it to lie in any direction, making it easier for the animal to reverse rapidly in the tunnels.
Список литературы:
- Богородицкая В.Н. Мир Британии. – Учебник для X-XI классов по английскому языку, М.: Просвещение, 1999.
- Никитенко – Попова З.Н. Курс страноведения в X-XI классах. – М.: Просвещение, 2001.
- Томахин Г.Д. Язык и культура Великобритании. – М.: Просвещение, 1999-2002.
а) часть III «Лондон»;
б) часть IV «Кто есть кто в Великобритании»;
в) часть V «Дом англичанина – его крепость»;
г) часть VI «Будни и отдых Британцев». - К проблеме профильного обучения иностранным языкам на старшей ступени полной средней школы. – стр. 8-14, «ИЯШ» № 6/04.
- Рефлексивный компонент деятельности как необходимое условие развития учителя и учащихся. – Соколова Л.А., стр. 19 – 26, «ИЯШ» № 1/05.