Живопись эпохи Ренессанса и Модернизма

Цель урока: формирование представления о сходстве и различиях в манере исполнения художников разных эпох.

1. Обобщить и систематизировать знания обучающихся по теме “Выдающиеся деятели искусства эпохи Ренессанса и Модернизма”.
2. Практиковать обучающихся в аудировании, чтении, устной речи.
3. Развивать умения анализировать, сравнивать, делать вывод.

4. Воспитывать любовь к живописи разных эпох, формировать интересы обучающихся, их склонности и способности.

Оборудование: мультимедийная доска, раздаточный материал.

Творенье может пережить творца:
Творец уйдёт, природой побеждённый,
Однако образ, им запечатлённый, Веками будет согревать сердца.

Микеланджело

Every artist dips his brush in his own soul, and paints his own nature into his pictures. 

Henry Ward Beecher

1. Вступительное слово учителя:

Among all the arts painting or Fine Art is one of the most impressive and terrific, to my mind. The beginning of art can be traced back to the prehistoric times when man used tools made from wood, bone or stone, and modeled figures, drew or painted his first pictures. He covered the walls of the caves in which he lived with drawings and paintings.

T2: Нелегко было поверить в то, что в глубине веков – от десяти до тридцати тысяч лет назад – в Европе существовало искусство, достойное восхищения. Рисунки, гравюры, разнообразные статуэтки свидетельствуют о том, первобытные охотники были не такими примитивными, какими они представлялись ранее. Эти современники мамонтов и шерстистых носорогов поднялись на такой художественный уровень, который оставался недостижимым для последующих поколений людей в течение многих тысячелетий.

2. The Renaissance painting. Живопись эпохи Ренессанса. Актуализация имеющихся знаний.

P6: I’d like you to guess the riddle: This period, called an age of discovery, found painters deeply concerned with investigations and experiments. New importance was given to the human figure, which now became one of the essential motifs of all painting and the basis of humanism. Can you guess what I mean?

Right you are, it is the Renaissance. Will you answer some of my questions then?

• What was the subject matter of the Renaissance painting?

(The great artists of the period were able to paint nature and people with great accuracy).

• When did the Renaissance start?

(The Renaissance lasted from the 15^th to the 16^th century and its centre was Italy).

(The 15^th century artists were fascinated by science, mathematics, geometry and above all perspective).

(They were without any doubt Michelangelo, Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci and Titian).

T1: Have a look at these canvases. What period of art do they belong to? Who do you think the artist is? – демонстрация картин “Мадонна в гроте”, “Мона Лиза”, “Тайная вечеря” и др.Your classmates will represent a piece of information about the master.

P7: The history of western civilization records no man as gifted as Leonardo da Vinci. He was outstanding as painter, sculptor, musician, architect, engineer, scientist and philosopher and was the most glittering personality of the High Renaissance in Italy. Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15^th in 1452. Leonardo could obtain the best education of his time, not only in art but in independent and scientific thinking. He exercised his skills in every possible way. Leonardo da Vinci died on May 2^nd, 1519 at the age of 67.

P8: His first masterpiece “The Adoration of the Magi”– (“Поклонение волхвов”) was produced in 1481, but it was not finished.

One of the greatest pictures he left is “The Madonna of the Rocks” (or “The Virgin of the Rocks”) – (“Мадонна в скалах”/ “Мадонна в гроте”). Here, in one painting, are the qualities that made Leonardo a typical artist of the Late or High Renaissance: an increasingly idealized portrayal of human beings and a formal, mathematical arrangement of the persons in the picture.

Т1: And now, to speak about the features of Leonardo’s paintings in details, I’d like you to deal with several words and expressions.

1. Интернациональная лексика: [g]– figure, parallelogram, triangle

[dЗ] –gesture, geometrical, tragic

[k]– architectural, Christ, character, characterization

Отработка слов в словосочетаниях: to fit the figures into specific geometrical pattern; figures of the apostles; gestures have a solemnity and poise; expressive gestures; individual characterization.

2. Перевод с английского языка на русский:

rigid geometrical enclosure-неподвижное (строгое) геометрическое обрамление

human nobility and perfection– человеческое благородство и совершенство

a dignified, restrained way – величавая, сдержанная манера

solemnity and poise– торжественность и уравновешенность

to betray someone-предавать кого-нибудь

the orderly architectural details – правильные архитектурные пропорции

intimate fascination – внутреннее очарование, обаяние

3. Дефиниция:

masterpiece– the best example, the best-known painting

mathematical arrangement – putting in order, calculation

disciple[di’saipl] – follower of any leader of religious thought

command our attention – attract our attention

T1: The most characteristic device of almost all High Renaissance artists is to fit the figures into specific geometrical pattern: a triangle and a circle in thе conception of the Madonna, a circle in Botticelli’s pictures, a parallelogram or a circle in Raphael’s. This gives a systematic and ordered quality to the works of the High Renaissance.

Практика аудирования: “The Last Supper” (“Тайная вечеря”) (perhaps the best-known painting in the world) offers one of the finest instances of a rigid geometrical enclosure. Everything turns inward toward the head of Christ, even the expressive gestures of his own hands. We can appreciate the artist’s way of presenting the human drama where Christ discloses to his followers quietly that soon one of them is to betray him and their cause.

In fact, Leonardo’s main contribution to art was the way he represented the real world around him. He made a human being look as if you could step into the flat surface of the picture and walk around behind it. This was possible because of his understanding of light and shade and of perspective. The calm of the figure of Christ is in contrast with the tragic tension his words have caused among his disciples. The figures of the apostles standing out as in high relief are all illuminated by a clear and penetrating light, behind them are shadow and the orderly architectural details of the room, and beyond the windows, a landscape bathed in twilight glow.

T2: В этой фреске да Винчи постарался воплотить все свои знания о законах перспективы. Зал, в котором сидят Иисус и апостолы, написан с исключительной точностью в плане пропорций и удаленности объектов. Задний план комнаты, тем не менее, виден настолько ясно, что представляет собой практически вторую картину, а не просто фон.

Все произведение заключено в строгие прямолинейные рамки, ограничивающиеся стенами и потолком комнаты, столом, за которым сидят участники тайной вечери. Если для наглядности провести линии по тем точкам, которые имеют прямое отношение к перспективе фрески, получится почти идеальная геометрическая сетка, “нити” которой выстроены под прямым углом друг к другу. Подобной ограниченной точности не встречается больше ни в одной работе Леонардо.

Многие жесты героев — находки Леонардо. Большой палец его правой руки касается скатерти, остальные приподняты. Это традиционный жест сожаления: Христос опечален тем, что его слова привели апостолов в такое смятение. Левая рука лежит ладонью вверх — знак внутреннего спокойствия и согласия с волей Отца. Как казначей общины в правой руке Иуда сжимает кошель. Левой, которой апостол как бы защищается, он опрокидывает солонку: в христианстве и многих других культурах — знак беды.

P8: Leonardo’s paintings command our attention by a strange and intimate fascination. Leonardo created an enigma, a problem to which he gives no answer. There is a deep and complex inner life to his figures that symbolizes solemnity and poise and is presented in a dignified, restrained way.

1. What was Leonardo’s first masterpiece?
2. What qualities of the “Madonna of the Rocks” make Leonardo a typical artist of the High Renaissance?
3. What is the subject matter of “The Last Supper”? Speak on its composition and treatment.
4. What is so tragic in this canvas?
5. What was Leonardo’s main contribution to art?

KEY: Leonardo da Vinci: 1, 2, 5, 7

Pablo Picasso: 3, 4, 6

P1: To guess what trend of art we are going to speak now, I’d like you to match the words in the right and left columns (it is the task for one group of students) and the second group will complete the chart. – Карточки с заданиями раздаются командам. Приложение 2, 3.

KEY: 1. A variety of angles; 2. At strange angles; 3. Unusual places; 4. To change the style of painting; 5. Instead of realistic copy of an object; 6. More abstract; 7. Naturalistic paintings; 8. Several views of an object

Complete the chart

Cue: 1 more 2 object 3 different 4 style 5 realistic 6 unusual 7 several 8 humanism/ humanist

So what is your decision? Yes, it’s modernism. Приложение 4

Will you tell what its main features are? (Пользуясь таблицей, школьники дают характеристику живописи эпохи модернизма)

Т1: Can you name the most famous painters of this period? – Henry Matisse [a:?/ri: m?/ti:s], Pablo Picasso [/pa:blou pi/k?sou], Edward Hopper [/hop?]

P3: Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter, the initiator of Cubism, was born on October 25^th, 1881 at Malaga. His father was an artist and professor at the Academy of Fine Arts at Barcelona, and under him Picasso received his first lessons in art. After many visits to Paris, he settled there in 1903. Picasso died on the 8^th of April in 1973 when he was 91 years old.

Picasso was a painter, sculptor and ceramic worker. In Paris his work went through various periods (blue, pink, Cubist, classical and surrealistic were important periods in his artistic life) and made him one of the most well-known and richest painters of the 20^th century.

Т1: And now we are going to speak about Picasso’s artistic skills and his masterpieces. Have a look at these paintings. Do you know how they are called? – Показ картин “The Self – Portrait”, “The Old Guitarist”, “Guernica”, “Three Musicians’.

T1: During Picasso’s earlier Cubist period, the surfaces of his canvases were delicately toned in brown or grey by dots in pointillist fashion, displaying some constructive design, mainly abstract, though here and there realistic fragments of recognizable objects were introduced. The gradation of light and dark suggested shading and space.

Picasso often depicted people as objects made up of geometric shapes: squares, circles, triangles and rectangles. Now your task is to read this description of a painting “Three Musicians” and to complete the sentences with missing words and expressions.

Read the text and complete the sentences. Use cues below.

“Three Musicians”, 1921

In “Three Musicians” Picasso constructed a musical trio out of hard-edged shapes using strong 1)………....... He projected 2)……….. shadows of the musicians against the 3)…………., creating a sense of distance from the figures to the rear wall. The solid black shadows, in contrast to the array of colors and textures in the figures, 4)………….. of afternoon light fading into darkness.

Picasso created 5)………….and……….by composing the picture using dynamic forms. He united the variety of 6)………….and……… with angular zones of 7)……………. that also form the clarinetist’s hat and arm and the masklike faces of the fiddler and the singer 8)……. . The artist brought a 9)……………..to this painting.

textures [ ‘tekst??z]– плотность ткани, строение

fiddler [‘fidl?] – скрипач

jet [dЗet] – агат

bold [b?uld] –смелый, наглый

Cues: shapes and patterns; jet black; cool blue paint; colors and bold designs; background; give the feeling; spirit of fun; a sense of energy and movement; on the right.

KEY: 1. colors and bold designs; 2. jet black; 3. background; 4. give the feeling; 5. a sense of energy and movement; 6. shapes and patterns; 7. cool blue paint; 8. on the right; 9. spirit of fun.

And now let us check if your idea about P. Picasso’s art is true or false. Школьники повторно просматривают таблицу “Famous Artists” и делают краткое сообщение о творчестве П. Пикассо.

4. Заключительное слово учителя. Подведение итогов.

Today you have learned a lot of interesting and new information about creativity of Leonardo da Vinci and Pablo Picasso. I hope this knowledge will help you to understand and appreciate Russian artists’ paintings as well as paintings of different periods and styles. For the next lesson I’d like you to prepare some facts about life of any painter or description of any canvas. Maybe several students are going to create their own paintings and tell us about their feelings and emotions. So we wish you good luck. Good-bye, my dear friends.

Приложение