“Man is Nature’s sole mistake”
W.G.Gilbert
Цели урока:
– способствовать формированию общего
представления о мире и его экологических
проблемах,
– систематизировать и обобщить знания учащихся
по данной теме.
Задачи урока:
Учебные задачи:
– формирование лексико-грамматических навыков
говорения,
– развитие навыков устной монологической и
диалогической речи.
Развивающие задачи:
– развитие способности к развитию оперативной
памяти,
– развитие умения говорить на английском языке,
– развитие способности к логическому изложению
материала.
Воспитательные задачи:
– формирование внимательного и бережливого
отношения к природе,
– формирование готовности помочь природе.
Социокультурные задачи: привлечение внимания к экологическим проблемам окружающей среды.
Тип урока: совершенствование и закрепление знаний по теме.
Форма урока: урок-презентация и защита проектов учащихся.
Оснащение урока:
- Видеопроектор, презентации учащихся в формате Power Point
План урока
- Начало урока. Вступительное слово учителя.
- Речевая разминка.
- Активизация навыков диалогической речи по теме.
- Совершенствование навыков монологической речи через защиту презентаций по теме.
- Подведение итогов урока.
Ход урока
1. Начало урока. Вступительное слово учителя.
T: Good morning! This lesson is the last one on the topic “Eco problems”. At the lesson we are going to discuss one of the main problem of the time– the ecological problem. Tell me please, what does the word “ecology” mean?
2. Речевая разминка.
P: As for as I know the word “ecology” came from Greek word which means “home”. This idea of home includes the whole planet of ours.
T: You are right. And now our home – our planet is in danger. We should answer two main questions during our lesson:
- Is the situation really so dangerous?
- What can we do to protect the nature and to save our planet?
(Слайд №1)
T: Look at this landscape. The world we live is really wonderful; blue oceans, seas and rivers, mountains, hills and valleys. We live surrounded by this beauty. But the situation isn’t the same in different parts of our planet.
At this picture you can see the river. That is the result of people’s action. There are a lot of places like that in the world. The nature faces a great threat. That’s why people must take care of our planet. I’d like to ask what the names of the environmental problems are today.
P: - Acid rains.
– Air pollution.
– Smog.
- Water pollution.
– Ozone layer.
– Greenhouse effect.
T: But what is the most important problem? What do you think about it?
P: There are a lot of ecological problems not only in Russia but in the whole world. To me, the most important ecological problem is pollution.
T: But people have always polluted their countries. Some years ago it was not a serious problem. But now it has become more serious. What are the reasons for .it?
P. I think people throw away too much litter. There is a lot of litter everywhere.
– Different kinds of transport make this problem serious.
– Many factories don’t recycle. They produce goods and a lot of litter.
– In my opinion we know the rules but don’t remember them when we go fishing or just walking through forest. Factories and cars pollute the air with harmful gases.
3. Активизация навыков диалогической речи.
T: Oh, I see you give us many reasons. Thank you. Now try to use these words and phrases in short dialogues.
Ask each other if you are worried about environmental problems. Use the phrases at the board.
I’m worried……
I’ m afraid of….
Are you worried….?
Do you find….?
P.P.: Work in pairs.
– Are you worried about litter?
+ Yes, I’m worried when people throw litter away. There is a lot of litter around.
- Do you find the situation in our forests worrying?
+ I’m afraid of deforestation. It kills lots of animals and birds.
Are you worried about air pollution?
+ Of, course; I think the problem of dangerous gases very worrying
- Are you worried about water pollution?
+ Yes, I’m worried that more then 50% of the world’s purist water has been ruined.
- Are you worried about the electric power station.
+ Yes, I’m worried that burning coal gives off gases that make the greenhouse effect and acid rain
– Are you worried about polluted water, air, land?
+ Yes, of course, I think that polluted air, land, and water are harmful to plants, animals and people.
4. Совершенствование навыков монологического высказывания через защиту проектов
T: Thank you very much. I think you are ready for a discussion.
The pollution of the Earth become larger every year, but the Earth doesn’t become larger. That’s why we should take care of the Earth, save it clean and nice.
On the previous lesson everybody got a task to highlight one of the ecological problems to perform a presentation and to show the ways of solving the problem. You will perform your problems in chain.
(Слайд №2) T: Air pollution is the result of man’s use of chemicals, and is a common hazard in both industrial and developing countries.
P: Air pollution.
Air pollution is the accumulation in the atmosphere of substances that, in sufficient concentrations, endanger human health or produce other measured effects on living matter and other materials. Among the major sources of pollution are power and heat generation, the burning of solid wastes, industrial processes, and, especially, transportation.
Examples of Air Pollution
- Noise Pollution
Noise pollution or unwanted sounds that are carried by the air, have an irritating and detrimental effect on humans and other animals. Careful planning of streets and buildings in towns and better control over noisy vehicles may add to the control of noise pollution. - Tobacco Smoke
- Exhaust Gases of Vehicles
Tobacco smoke is one of the major forms of pollution in buildings. It is not only the smoker who is infected, but everyone who inhales the polluted air. There is a very strong connection between smoking and lung cancer. Bronchitis is common among smokers and unborn babies of mothers who smoke also suffer from the harmful effects of smoking.
Pollution from exhaust gases of vehicles is responsible for 60% of all air pollution and in cities up to 80%. There is a large variety of harmful chemicals present in these gases, with lead being one of the most dangerous.
To stop air pollution we must:
- Save and protect forests because they are the lungs of our planet. Trees produce oxygen which we breathe.
- Use public transport, as often as you can.
- Produce and use the cars which work on electricity.
- Use and install good filters in our factories.
(Слайд №3) T: One form of air pollution is acid rains. Acid rains results from the atmosphere of sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide.
P: Acid rains.
When we look up, we see the clouds and the blue sky. But there are other things in the sky we don’t see. Some of them are harmful to the Earth.
When power plants burn coal to make electricity, and when cars burn gasoline, invisible gases are released into the air.
Some of these gases can mix with water and make it acidic. Sometimes the gases get into rain clouds, where they get mixed with rain or snow. This is called acid rain.
When acid rains falls in lakes, it changes them. The lakes and rivers become more acidic. It kills the plants and animals that usually live in the water. That is why fish are dying. The scientists are finding other effects of acid rain. In some large areas trees are dying.
It is very important for us to stop making acid rains. One good way to do it to drive our care less. The less energy we use, the less coal those power plants will have to burn.
To stop pollution from power plants we need to design, build and use solar, wave and wind.
T: The seas, the lakes, the rivers are in dangerous. They are filled with industrial and nuclear waste. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas. (слайд №4)
P: Water pollution.
Water pollution is the introduction into fresh or ocean waters of chemical, physical, or biological material that degrades the quality of the water and affects the organisms living in it..
Examples of Water Pollution
Industrial effluents
Water is discharged from after having been used in production processes. This waste water
may contain acids, alkalis, salts, poisons, oils and in some cases harmful bacteria.
Mining and Agricultural Wastes
Mines, especially gold and coal mines, are responsible for large quantities of acid water.
Agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides may wash into rivers and stagnant
water bodies.
Sewage Disposal and Domestic Wastes
Sewage as well as domestic and farm wastes were often allowed to pollute rivers and dams.
Control Measures
The following measures can be used to stop water pollution:
- every intelligent people should be wise enough not to pollute water in any way;
- by research and legislation the pollution of water bodies, even though not entirely prevented, must be effectively controlled.
T: Many people all over the world are concerned about polluted land. Awful harm is caused to our home by litter. If we throw garbage on the ground it will litter the Earth forever.(слайд №5)
P: Land pollution.
When you have throw something away, it goes in a garbage can. Once a week a garbage truck comes and the car is empted, and that’s the last you see of it. But what do you think happens to the garbage then? Does it just disappear? Almost all garbage is taken to a garbage dump, or landfill, where the garbage trick empties it onto the ground. After the truck leaves, a big tractor comes along and pushes dirt on top of the garbage. So, most of our garbage is just buried. Now we are making so much garbage that in many places, there is not enough room to bury it all.
To stop land pollution we need to:
- Buy products with as little packing as possible;
- Use and throw away fewer carrier bags;
- Waste less paper;
- Turn rubbish into energy;
- Use rubbish again after recycling, buy recycled paper, recycle newspapers.
T: People cut down forests down and build houses. There is no place for animals to live, many animals and plants disappear. Besides people kill animals for skin, bones, fur, meat, people catch birds, pull out wild flowers. Many forests are burnt because people leave fire. The Earth is in danger.
P: Disappearing Animals. (слайд №6)
Every day there are more and more people living on the Earth. All these people need room to live. So they move into the places that are already homes for plants and animals. Forests are cut down, and wild areas are filled with houses and stores. When people move into a new land, the plants and animals that live there can become endangered– which means they begin to disappear because there’s no place for them to live. Some even become extinct-which means that they all die out, and are gone from the Earth forever. We enjoy pictures and stories about dinosaurs that lived on the Earth many millions of years ago. They’re all extinct now. It is too late for a fifth of the world’s freshwater fish species, which have vanished for ever. And about three-quarters of the wild relatives of crops, which we are vital for preserving and increasing food supplies through interbreeding, have been lost over the past century.
To protect wildlife we must:
- Organize conservation projects;
- Organize national parks;
- Fight against poachers.
T: Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1. Million tones of dust and other harmful substances. One locomotive pollutes the air as much as 40-50 cars do. I’d like to say that there is a problem with the ozone layer. This is very helpful, it protects our skin from the sun rays.(слайд)
P: Depletion of the Ozone Layer. (Слайд №7)
Up in the sky, above the air we breathe, there’s layer of gas called ozone. It helps us by blocking out the sun rays that can harm our skin , and by letting the rays that are good for us come through. We are lucky to have the ozone layer to protect us. The protective layer of the Earth, the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the sun’s destructive UV(ultraviolet) rays, is being damaged by chlorofluorocarbons. They are released by daily use of industrial and household products: refrigerators, air conditioners, cleaning chemicals, food packaging. In the ozone layer they attack to ozone molecules making a hole. This hole allows more UV rays to penetrate the atmosphere and get to the Earth. It increases the risk of skin cancer, weakens the immune system of people. Besides, UV rays negatively affect the growth of plankton in the oceans, an essential part of the marine – life food chain, reduce economically important crops(rice, cotton, soy beans). The life cycle is going to be undermined by the ozone.
To stop the depletion of the ozone layer we must:
- avoid products that are dangerous to the ozone layer;
- look for ozone-friendly sprays and keep away from genetically modified foods;
- buy from businesses that an effort to protect the climate, boycott ones that don’t , and let them know about it.
5. Подведение итогов урока.
T: You have seen all presentations of students. Let’s sum all up mentioned above and dwell upon the ways of solving ecological problems. What can we do to keep the Earth clean and healthy?
1. Use public transport because cars pollute the air.
- Never light fires in forests because trees and animals disappear.
- Don’t drop rubbish in the streets because it looks horrible, use rubbish bins.
- Do not throw plastic bottles into the sea because fish will die.
T: Today we’ve tried to discuss the main ecological problems, to find out the ways of solving them. If we think globally and act locally I’m sure we’ll survive. An outstanding English writer John Galsworthy said “If you don’t think about the Future you will not have it”. Let’s think about the future. Let’s keep our planet tidy and make it better place to live in. Let’s save the Earth for selves and for the next generations.
6. Оценивание.
Список литературы:
- Английский язык. 600 устных тем. И.Ю. Баканова.– М.Дрофа, 1999.-(Большая библиотека “Дрофа”.
- Иностранные языки в школе 2006г. №2.
- Иностранные языки в школе 2005г. №3.
- http//ru. Wikipedia.org. Эколгия.
- Ефанова З.А.Нестандартные уроки английского языка.-Издательско– торговый дом “Корифей”.
- Дышлюк М.И. Открытые уроки. – Издательство “Учитель”.