The Gerund

Цели урока:

образовательные:

• понятие о герундии;
• наиболее распространенные случаи употребления герундия;
• научить строить устное и письменное высказывание с использованием герундия

развивающие:

• умение вести беседу на бытовую тематику, употребляя широко распространенную форму герундия;
• совершенствование навыков и умений грамматического письма

воспитывающие:

• формирование умений делать выводы, выделять главное, понимая важность изучения всех аспектов английского языка и потребность пользоваться им как средством общения.

Ход урока

1. Организация класса. Сообщение целей, задач и плана работы на уроке.
2. Обучение грамматической стороне речи.

Объяснение случаев употребления герундия в английском языке.

Герундий

Герундий употребляется в английском языке очень часто.

Он имеет такую же форму, как Present Participle:

teach —> teaching

преподавать —> преподавание

wash —> washing

стирать —> стирка

Герундий обычно обозначает какое-то занятие, деятельность.

В своём значении и функции герундий всё время движется как маятник между двумя полюсами:

Обратите внимание:

в отличие от существительного у герундия:

- не бывает артикля

- нет формы множественного числа

Герундий может выступать в предложении в разных функциях:

как подлежащее:

Sunbathing can be dangerous.

Загорать - опасно.

Дословно “Загорание” - опасно, может быть опасным.

но чаще всего как дополнение:

But I enjoy sunbathing.

 

My hobby is

playing computer games.

dancing.

Я люблю

играть в компьютерные игры.

танцевать.

I enjoy

watching TV.

playing the guitar.

Я люблю

смотреть телевизор.

играть на гитаре.

Герундий употребляется в большом количестве конструкций:

Не is good at telling jokes. Он хорошо рассказывает анекдоты.

The Greens are against hilling animals. Зелёные выступают против уничтожения животных.

She is fond of dancing. Она любит танцевать.

I am tired of waiting. Я устал ждать.

She is afraid of being cheated. Она боится, что её обманут.

Не is busy with organizing the party. Он занят организацией вечера.

This washing powder is good for washing silk. Этим стиральным порошком хорошо стирать шёлк.

ТАКЖЕ

is used for + герундий

- используется для

is meant for + герундий

- предназначен для

- Is it worth going there? - Туда стоит ехать?

- What's the point of doing this? - Какой смысл это делать?

- I feel like sleeping. - Мне хочется спать.

- He gave up smoking. - Он бросил курить.

- Go on reading. - Продолжай (те) читать.

Комбинация с to go:

to go skiing - пойти /поехать кататься на лыжах

to go dancing - пойти потанцевать

to go shopping - пойти в магазин

to go swimming - пойти поплавать и т.д.

Комбинация с to do:

to do the shopping - сходить, пойти в магазин

to do the washing - стирать/постирать

to do the ironing - гладить /погладить

Формы вежливости с герундием:

Sorry for disturbing you. Извините за беспокойство.

Please excuse my coming late. Excuse me for coming so late. Извини(те) за опоздание.

Thank you for calling. Спасибо за звонок.

Forgive me for losing the key. Извини(те), что я потерял ключ.

Would you mind closing the door? Вы не могли бы закрыть дверь?

Герундий часто употребляется в запретительных фразах:

No Smoking. Не курить!

Notice – No Trespassing. Въезд запрещён - Частная территория!

No parking. Парковка запрещена!

Отдельные слова из класса герундия стали полноценными существительными:

training - тренировка, обучение.

Не got an intensive training. Он получил интенсивную подготовку.

meeting - встреча и т.д.

Не had two meetings today. Сегодня у него было две встречи.

Герундий также часто употребляется в названиях, заголовках, рубриках:

English Language Teaching. Преподавание английского языка.

Steps to Understanding. Ступени к пониманию.

Telling jokes. Шутки.

Doing business in Russia. Как делать бизнес в России.

Training your staff. Как подготовить персонал, подготовка персонала.

Meeting people. Что говорить при встрече.

Choosing the correct sentence. Выбираем правильное предложение.

Работа с таблицами.

The Gerund has the functions both of a noun and of a verb.

It is used in the function of the subject.

Read and memorize!

Skating is very popular in our country.

Skiing is widely spread in northern countries.

Playing tennis develops grace of movements.

Rowing is good for our lungs and arm muscles.

Swimming is one of my favourite sports.

The Gerund is used in the function of a direct object

Read and memorize!

Would you mind coming to see me today?

I hate inviting people twice.

Try to avoid bothering about a present.

Do you prefer dancing to a record or to the wireless?

I hope you'll enjoy meeting my friends.

The gerund is used in the function of a prepositional object:

a) following a verb:

Read and memorize!

Tom Sawyer dreamt of finding a treasure.

Tom couldn't think of looking for it alone.

Tom insisted on Huck's taking part in it.

Tom prepared everything for stealing away quietly.

Tom and Huck thought of exploring the cave thoroughly.

b) following an adjective or a participle:

Read and memorize!

Tom was fond of showing off.

Tom was disappointed at seeing Becky pay no attention to his tricks.

Aunt Polly was surprised at finding Tom's bed empty.

She was tired of telling him not to be lazy.

She got angry at seeing his town clothes.

The Gerund is used as a part of a compound verbal predicate.

Read and memorize!

The teacher began writing the questions on the blackboard.

Peter started reading them.

Mike stopped whispering to Fred.

Lizzie continued talking to her neighbour.

Helen finished copying the questions.

All the pupils kept working.

Note: Compare the function and the meaning of the Gerund and the Infinitive with the verb to stop.

E. g. He stopped talking. (The Gerund is a part of the predicate.)

He stopped to talk.(Tfte Infinitive is an adverbial modifier of purpose.)

The Gerund is used in the function of an attribute.

Read and memorize!

There was no opportunity of leaving the house.

There was no way of going to the river.

There was no chance of seeing our friends.

There was no hope of sending them a note.

Jane had no intention of hurting Ann.

Jane had no possibility of congratulating her.

The Gerund is used in the function of an adverbial modifier of time.

Read and memorize!

I do my lessons after coming from school.

After resting a little I have my tea.

Before going to bed I take a walk.

Upon returning home I read a book.

Before falling asleep I put out the light.

Выполнение тренировочных упражнений.

DRILLS

1) Put a Gerund in place of the subordinate clause.

1. Tom was disappointed when he learned of his aunt's decision to punish him.
2. Aunt Polly was angry when she saw Tom's clothes torn.
3. When the boys came to the island, they made a tent out of a sail.
4. The boys were surprised when they heard Tom's story about the life of pirates.
5. Aunt Polly got very angry when she saw the broken sugar-bowl.

2) Answer the following questions.

1. What do you take interest in?
2. What kind of sports do you go in for?
3. When do you start doing your room?
4. When do you think of airing it?
5. What do you intend doing during the holidays?
6. What do you do on getting up in the morning?
7. What do you do on coming home from school?
8. When do you begin doing your lessons?

3) Insert the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

1. Ann prefers (to walk) to (to go) by tram.
2. Some people still imagine (to fly) to be more dangerous than to (travel) by train.
3. I shall enjoy (to rest) this afternoon as I have had a busy morning.
4. If you keep (to make) such a noise with your wireless, everybody will get an awful headache.
5. Jack is fond of (to play) hockey in winter.
6. Avoid (to cross) the street when the traffic is not stopped by the red light.

4) Complete the sentences, using a gerund.

1. Did Bill understand the importance of...?
2. Red Chief was interested in ...
3. Looking at Red Chief Bill was surprised at
4. After the third day spent with Red Chief in the cave, Bill got tired of...
5. Bill had got so nervous that he insisted on ...
6. The boy's father suggested ...
7. The kidnappers were delighted at...

What else happened in O. Henry's story "The Ransom of Red Chief"?

Stage it.

Работа с диалогом.

A DIALOGUE

Ann: How do you like the idea of seeing Moscow during our winter vacation?

Jane: What a wonderful idea! I enjoy travelling and sightseeing.

Ann: If we have no difficulty in getting tickets to the Bolshoi Theatre, we shall go to an opera performance.

Jane: I'm sure we'll manage it. Still I prefer seeing a ballet.

Ann: Let's fix the time of our meeting.

Jane: I'm sorry, I can't tell you anything definite just now, without talking the matter over with my parents.

Would you mind ringing me up so as to settle this question?

Ann: All right. Then we shall make all the necessary arrangements.

Jane: Quite so. Good-bye.

Ann: Good-bye.

Работа с текстом.

LEARN TO LOVE MUSIC

If you want to learn to love and to understand music, one of the most important things is to learn to be a good listener. This is not very easy. We hear many sounds surrounding us, but hearing is not listening.

We may hear music while working, after coming home from work or before leaving for work, but we are not really listening to it.

Many people say that they like listening to music. But while listening to it, their ears take in many other sounds, too, such as: the noises out-of-doors, some conversation, a baby's, crying. In this case they hear some music (mostly on the radio), but they are not listening to it.

If you want to be a good listener, you have to listen to music without doing anything else. Try to sit still and to concentrate on listening for a few minutes at first. Then you can practice it for a longer while and at last it will become a habit with you.

Besides, we have to read about composers and their works and go on looking for more and more to read about the kind of music we are interested in. There are many books on listening to and understanding music and about great composers, which can help you to learn loving and understanding music.

Пословицы и загадки.

PROVERBS

It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is hard sailing when there is no wind. There is no accounting for tastes. Seeing is believing.

RIDDLES

What can run all the time without getting hot?

(A cold water tap)

What asks no questions yet needs answering?

(The door hell)

Домашнее задание: выучить диалог.

Список литературы

1. Евгений Некрасов “Популярная грамматика английского языка”, 1999 г.
2. Виталий Левенталь, английский язык: “Просто о сложном”, 1994 г., Москва – Нью-Йорк.
3. “Oxford Practice Grammar” by john Eastwood, Oxford, 1997.
4. Клементьева Т.Б.: “Упражнения и тесты по грамматике английского языка”, 2000 г.
5. Биболетова М.З., Трубанева Н.Н., английский язык: “Enjoy English”: учебник для 10 класса, 2009 г.

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