Более тридцати лет работы под крышей технологического вуза дали возможность поработать со студентами разного профиля: будущими экономистами, машиностроителями, дизайнерами. Тот факт, что предмет «иностранный язык» не является для них профилирующим или сколь-либо значимым для большинства студентов не снимает, а еще более актуализирует задачу поиска возможных путей поддержания интереса к предмету, мотивации учебной деятельности.
Статья Antonio Tosta “Poetry? It’s Worth a Try” в журнале Forum заставила по-иному посмотреть на такие совершенно несовместимые понятия как «технология» и «поэзия». Уж очень убедительными показались доводы преподавателя английского языка и методики из Бразилии: “…there are very good reasons to integrate poetry into the EFL classroom. One reason is that poems usually deal with universal themes, such as love or hate which are familiar to all readers. Secondly, poems bring contexts which are not only rich culturally but also linguistically. There are also the additional advantage of length, which makes many poems easy to remember and thus well suited to a single classroom lesson… Poems can be used as warm-ups, reading exercises, listening activities, for practicing pronunciation and writing. They may be used for a whole class or for part of it” [1].
Одним из первых стихотворений, которое использовалось на практическом занятии со студентами специальности «Мировая экономика» было стихотворение “How do you measure success?, написанное Ralf Waldo Emerson.
How do you measure success?
To laugh often and much;
To win the respect of intelligent people
and the affection of children;
To earn the appreciation of honest critics
and endure the betray of false friends;
To appreciate beauty;
To find the best in others.
To leave the world a bit better,
whether by a healthy child, a garden patch,
redeemed social condition or a job well done;
To know even one other life has breathed easier
because you have lived –
This is to be succeeded
Ralf Waldo Emerson
Ознакомлению с поэтическим произведением предшествовал «мозговой штурм» слова “success”, который позволил составить логико-смысловую карту этого понятия, используя коллективную творческую работу группы. Основными понятиями, которыми студенты измеряли успех, были «деньги, дом, карьера, машина, семья, уважение, дети, любовь». Сравнив свои представления об успехе с идеями автора стихотворения, студенты не могли не отметить общность в мироощущении людей, живущих в разное время на разных континентах. А переводы стихотворения, очень яркие, емкие, доказывают, что «технари» очень отзывчивы на любое обращение к их мнению, эмоциям, чувствам.
Что же значит успех?
Что же значит успех?
Это искренний смех,
Это радость детей,
Это счастье друзей,
Уважение всех –
Вот, значит успех!
Понимать красоту.
И ценить простоту,
Видеть в людях добро,
И дарить им тепло,
Жить с собою в ладу,
Не забыв мечту.
Измени этот мир!
Посади в нем цветок,
Чье-то сердце зажги,
Несмотря на дожди.
Вот поймете тогда.
Что прожили не зря!
Перевод Максаровой Е., Гавриловой А., Бурдуковской О. – студенты специальности «Мировая экономика»
Работа над поэтическим произведением не только помогала создать благоприятный психологический климат на занятии и развивать эмоциональный аспект учебной деятельности, но также способствовала решению образовательных целей обучения: совершенствовались речевые и языковые навыки и умения чтения, говорения, аудирования, расширился словарный запас. Это был стимул для развития логики, догадки, критического мышления, а также умения работать в группе.
Положительный опыт использования поэзии дал основание для того, чтобы обращаться к такому благодатному материалу, каждый раз решая определенные образовательные, развивающие и воспитательные задачи. Для студентов это может быть Poet’s Corner, для преподавателя – методический прием, который помогает обеспечить гуманистический подход к обучению, при котором преподаватель строит учебный процесс при активном участии студентов, опираясь на их идеи, чувства, эмоции.
Предлагается методическая разработка практического занятия по английскому языку.
Тема: Омофоны и омонимы.
The Hoarse Horse.
1. The [ho:sho:s] means “охрипшая лошадь”.
These two words are homophones. They sound alike but have different meanings. Could you give examples of homophones in Russian?
Read this funny poem to find some more examples of homophones.
| The Hoarse Horse. If a horse caught a cold, And his nose got all runny, He would be a hoarse horse, And he sure would sound funny. |
||
| If a beet in a garden Could not stand the hea tOn a hot sunny day, |
свекла | |
| He would be beat beet. If your mom wants a robot To clean, cook, and sew, |
побитая, вялая | |
| She might get a made maid From a factory, you know. Kay Smith [2] |
служанка |
2. What clues do we use? Try to guess the missing words.
A _____ horse
If a horse caught ________ ,
And his _____ got all runny,
He would be a _____horse,
And be sure would sound ____.
If a beet in a ______
Could not stand the _____
On a hot _____ day,
He would be _____ beet.
If your mom wants a _______
To clean, _____, and sew,
She might get a _____ maid
From a________, you know.
3. Learn the poem by heart and recite it to your groupmates.
4. Make a translation of the poem, either rhymed or not.
5. The poet complains “Nobody listens to me”. Is it because everybody is busy? Or do they ignore him because he always says something unimportant or silly? Maybe there is some other reason. What’s the matter?
| Nobody Listens to Me. 1. I said, “ I’d like to train all week”. But they thought I said, “I’m feeling weak”. So they gave me vitamins to eat. 2. I said, “Let’s run in the big track meet”. But they thought I said, “Let’s eat a plate of meat”. So we had to eat a whole roast beef. 3. I said, “My leader is the great Queen Bea”. But they thought I said, |
||
| “I just sat down on a stinging bee”. So they said, “Oh, your poor seat!” .All, please, listen to me! Week is not weak, Meet is not meat, And Queen Bea is not a bee. Don’t you agree? [2] |
жалящая |
6. What clues do we use? Try to guess the missing words.
-
I said, “ I’d like to train all _____”.
But they _______ I said,
“I’m _______weak”.
So they gave me___________ to eat. -
I said, “Let’s _____ in the big track meet”.
But they _______ I said,
“Let’s ____ a plate of meat”.
So we had to ____ a whole roast beef. -
I said, “My leader is the great Queen Bea”.
But they ________ I said,
“I just sat _____ on a stinging ____”.
So they _____, “Oh, your _____ seat!”.
All, please, ________ to me!
Week is not _______,
______ is not meat,
And Queen Bea is not a _____.
Don’t you agree?
7. Learn the poem by heart and recite it to your groupmates.
8. Make a translation of the poem, either rhymed or not.
9. Make up a list of homophones you’ve learnt.
10. Same word, different meanings. Here is a list of homophones. Make sure that you know the meaning of all the words.
| our, hour | to, too, two | I, eye | |||
| eight, ate | see, sea | where, wear | |||
| be, bee | for, four | sun, son | |||
| hear, here | right, write | by, buy | |||
| there, their | meet, meat | red, read | |||
| some, sum | not, knot | accept, except | |||
| mail, male | pail, pale | way, weigh | |||
| lesson, lessen | night, knight | piece, peace | |||
| dear, deer | tale, tail | flour, flower | |||
| won, one | week, weak | ||||
| so, sew | |||||
| die, dye | principal, principle | ||||
| hair, hare | current, currant | ||||
| great, grate | waist, waste | ||||
| him, hymn | witch, which | ||||
| site, sight | sole, soul |
Choose the right word.
- How long will it take us to get (there, their)?
- We were sitting so far from the speaker that we could not (hear, here).
- It is impolite to (stair, stare).
- The wind (blew, blue) out the candle.
- We received a letter from Grandmother in the ( male, mail) today.
11. Make up your own sentences using homophones. Read your sentences to your partner. Let him /her guess what word you have used and write it down.
Correct him/her if there is a mistake.
12. The English language is interesting to learn, isn’t it? But the poet thinks it’s difficult to explain it. What does he mean?
| The English language. Some words have different meanings, And yet they are spelt the same. A cricket is an insect, To play it – it’s a game. On every hand, in every land, It’s thoroughly agreed, The English language to explain Is very hard indeed. Some people say that you are a dear, Yet dear is far from cheap. A jumper is a thing you wear, Yet a jumper has to leap. It’s very clear, it’s very queer, And pray who is to blame For different meanings to some words, Pronounced and spelt the same. A little journey is a trip, A trip is when you fall. It does not mean you have to dance |
||
| When’er you hold a ball. Now here’s a thing that puzzles me: Musicians of good-taste Will very often form a band, – I’ve one around my waist! You spin a top, go for a spin, Or spin a yarn maybe – Yet every spin’s a different spin, As you can plainly see. Now here’s a most peculiar thing – |
= whenever | |
| ‘twas told me as a joke – a dumb man couldn’t speak a word, yet seized a wheel and spoke… Harry Hemsley [2] |
= it was |
13. Make a list of homonyms (words which sound and look the same but have different meanings)
14. Same word, different meaning.
Here is a list of homonyms. Make sure you know the meanings of all of them.
| can | like | fire | |||
| light | ring | match | |||
| room | stick | kind | |||
| left | rest | iron | |||
| pipe | bank | lie | |||
| type | capital | case | |||
| grave | order | general | |||
| wave | cool | bright | |||
| cry | miss | land | |||
| mind | well | party | |||
| box | mean | patient | |||
| bear | |||||
| cell | spring | figure | |||
| found | long | post | |||
| even | band | board | |||
| rock | degree | draw | |||
| concrete |
15. Make up sentences using homonyms. Read them to your partner. Let him/her guess what word you have used and write it down. Correct him/her if there is a mistake. The winners get the title «A brilliant English speaking homo sapiens». We wish you success!
16. Sounds like… What homonyms correctly replace the italized words in the sentences below
(see the Key).
- I avenue baby sitter = I have a new baby sitter.
- He went duck hunting, but he didn’t see a burden sight.
- How come you got insulate?
- If I place a book on my head, it falsify move.
- Mary and I are cistern brother.
- Peruse a country in South America.
- Suddenly there was a shot and he got a bulletin in his leg.
- On the daisies home, John helps with the cleaning.
Key:
Sounds like. Homonymes
- have a new
- a bird in
- insolate
- false if I
- sister and brother
- Peru is
- bullet in
- days is
Список литературы:
- Poetry? It’s Worth a try! Antonio Luciano de A.Tosta, Forum, Volume 34 Number 3-4 July – October 1996.
- Language Arts, Phonics B, Strategies for Decoding and Spelling, Morton Botel, JoAnn Tuttle Seaver, Scholastic Inc. 2 1994.