Учебно–методическое пособие для учителей и учащихся "Уроки экологии на уроках английского языка" для 6-х и 8-х классов

We Talk

1. The world around us is wonderful, isn't it?
2. Is it wonderful in all the seasons?
3. What season do you Kite most? Why?
4. Many people like summer. Why?
5. Which season is the warmest one?
6. Which season is the brightest one? Why?
7. What color is the sky in summer?
8. Some people say autumn is a dull season. Why do they say so?
9. Does it often rain in autumn?
10. Is the sky gray or blue in autumn?
11. Does the forest look beautiful in autumn? Why?
12. Is it nice to walk in the forest in early autumn? (in summer)?
13. What interesting things can you see when you go for a walk in the woods, in the fields?
14. What can you see when you walk near the lake (sea, river)?
15. Is it fun to watch birds, animals and fish?
16. What is fun to watch in spring (summer, autumn, winter)?

Look at the pictures and describe each season of the year. Talk about its weather, its colors, its weather, what is wonderful in every season. Compare summer and autumn, winter and spring.

Тhеrе are many interesting things to see and to watch in each season. Say what you like to watch in your favorite season

Learn the poem.

Come to the woods
On a sunny day,
Come to the woods
On a day in May.

Look at the grass,
At the busy bees,
Look at the birds
In the green, green trees.

The Sun

What can you see when you look at the sky in the morning? You can see the sun. The sun is a great bright ball.

Why are we happy when the sun is out? The sun gives warmth and light to people, animals, birds, insects and plants. It keeps the earth warm. Without sunshine nothing will grow in the world.

Why does night change to day on the earth? There is air and space around the earth. Sunshine passes through space and air but not through the earth. One side of the earth which is turned to the Sun has day. The other side has night. The earth turns all the time and day changes to night.

The Moon

When you look at the sky at night you'll see the moon. The moon is a big ball, too. We see the side of the moon which is turned to the Sun- If we look at the moon through a telescope, we can see mountains and plains on it. But there are no people or trees there because there is no air or water on the moon.

The Earth

The earth is a planet Which moves around the sun and gets light from it. It is turning all the time, but we cannot see. or feel it.

If you look down at the earth from a plane, you will see how wonderful our planet is. You will see blue rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans. You will see high snowy mountains and hills. You will see green forests and fields.

The sun shines on the earth, the rain falls on it, the wind blows on it.

There is more water on the earth than anything else, more water than land, forests and mountains. There is water in the rivers, lakes, seas and oceans. There is water in plants and in air. Nothing can live without water, air and the sun.

The earth is the only planet in our Solar¹ System where there is life: In the woods there live different animals and birds. The rivers, lakes and seas are full of big and small sea animals and fish. Wonderful plants, trees and flowers grow on the earth.

The world around you is wonderful. There are many interesting things in the world to see if you keep your eyes open.

Answer the questions on the text.

1. What does the sun give to our planet?
2. Can anything grow without sunshine?
3. What do we need the sun for?
4. Why does night change to day on the earth?
5. Can you see and feel that our earth is turning all the tune?
6. What can you see in the sky at night?
7. Is the moon a planet?
8. What can you see on the moon if you look at it through a telescope?
9. Is the earth a planet or a star?
10. What makes the earth wonderful?
11. What can you see on the earth if you keep your eyes open?

Choose and read the sentences from the text which say that our earth is a wonderful planet. Choose the right statement.

1. The moon is a great star.
2. The moon is the earth's satellite².
3. The moon is a comet.

1. The sun is a big star.
2. The sun is a planet.
3. The sun is the moon's satellite.

1. The earth turns around the moon.
2. The earth turns around the sun.
3. The earth turns around another planet.

Choose the correct ending.

When we look at the sky in the morning we can see...

- a lot of stars.
- the sun.
- the moon.

We can't live without sunshine because...

- the sun gives warmth and light.
- it keeps the earth cold.
- the sun gives water.

When we look at the moon through a telescope we can see...

- trees and flowers on it.
- mountains and plains on it.

Sunshine passes through...

- the earth.
- space and air.
- the moon.

Prove that

a) the world is Ml of wonderful things;
b) there is more water on the earth than anything else;
c) the earth is я wonderful place to live.

Read the text “Тле Squirrel” and say what new things you have learned about squirrels.

The Squirrel

When you walk in a forest, look at the trees near you – there may be a squirrel near. The squirrel makes its home in a tree.

It is interesting to watch squirrels. They jump from one tree to another. Squirrels are very lively² animals. There are red squirrels and gray squirrels.

Do squirrels sleep all winter? No, they don't.

They go to sleep in the winter, but they sleep with one eye open. When it is cold, they sleep, but when it is a warm, winter day and the sun is bright, they go out to jump and to play.

If you have any nuts with you, throw them on the ground. Squirrels like to eat them when they are hungry.

But if they are not hungry, they hide them.

Answer the questions to the text.

1. Is it interesting to watch squirrels?
2. Do squirrels sleep all the winter?
3. How do they sleep?
4. What do squirrels eat?
5. How can you take care of squirrels in the winter?

Read the story “Which is the Biggest Animal in the World?” and say what impressed you.

Which is the Biggest Animal in the World?

You think it is an elephant. Yes, the elephant is a very big animal, but it is not the biggest in the world. The biggest of all is the blue whale .The blue whale is about thirty meters long and it weighs about one hundred and thirty torts . That is as much as thirty six elephants.

The whale has a body like a torpedo, it is very good for swimming in the sea. But the whale is not a fish, it is a mammal⁵. It breathes the air as we do.

Answer the questions on the text.

1. Which animal is the biggest one in the world?
2. How can you prove it?
3. How much does the blue whale weigh?
4. What is its length?

Read the text “The Woodpecker” and say what the woodpecker is a tree doctor. Prove that it is a clever bird.

The Woodpecker

When you are in a forest, you sometimes hear tap-tap-tap-tap. What's that? It's a woodpecker, a big bird, with a beautiful coat, black, white and red. It is trying to make a hole in the tree, it wants to get at insects that live there.

The woodpecker eats insects. It has a very sharp beak².

The woodpecker is a clever bird. If it can't get at an insect with its beak, it finds a small stick and gets at insects with it.

The woodpecker doesn't make a nest like other birds. It makes a hole in a tree and that is a nest for the woodpecker.

The woodpecker is a tree doctor. Winter is a hard time for birds. They can't find food in the forest.

Take care of birds! Feed them in winter! Never destroy¹ their nests!

Answer the questions on the text.

1. What can you hear sometimes in the forest?
2. Why does the woodpecker make a hole in the tree?
3. Does the woodpecker make a nest like other buds?
4. What does the woodpecker do if it can't get at an insect with its beak?
5. Why is winter a hard time for birds?

I. Take Care of Nature

Say what it is right and what it is wrong to do. Use the following phrases:

to take care of nature to keep rivers and lakes clean, to destroy nests, to keep parks and forests clean, to cut trees, to make bird-houses, to give food to birds and animals in winter, to make rivers and forests dirty, to pick lots of flowers, to plant trees and flowers.

39. Answer the question.

1. Do you take care of plants and animals?
2. How do you take care of nature?
3. Can you make a bird-house?
4. When do you usually make bird-houses?
5. What can you learn if you keep your eyes open?

Riddles.

1. Why can't the world ever come to an end?
2. Why can't it rain for two days without stopping?
3. What kind of animals can jump higher than a house?
4. What can play but cannot walk?

8-й класс

Do all the good you can,
By all the means you can,
In all the ways you can,
In all the places you can,
At all the times you can,
To all the people you can,
As long as ever you can.

CLIMATE

Climate is the weather a certain place has over a long period of time. Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.

Russia is the largest country of the world. It lies on a huge territory from the coast of the Pacific Ocean to the centre of Europe and its climate in the north, south, east and west. is different. In the west for example; “the climate is usually mild and wet. At the same time the coldest glace on the planet is in the north of Siberia, while in the south of Russia there is a lot of sunshine and the heat in summer can he really terrible. Summer and winter temperatures are very different in Moscow, Omsk or Krasnoyarsk, in Volgograd or Rostov. In the Arctic the winter temperatures are low enough. The taiga [‘taiga| zone has long hard winters and short summers. Between the Black and Caspian seas it is very hot in summer.

But recently climate has changed, and in our country, especially in its European part. Some scientists think the world is ling hotter. If you compare Moscow winter and summer temperatures at the beginning of our century and at its end you will at climate has really changed. Winters have become warmer, times there is little snow in January, and there were winters it rained (not snowed!) on the New Year's Eve.

Many people say that it is so because of the greenhouse effect. Have you ever heard about it? It works like this: sunlight gives us some of the heat warms the atmosphere, and some of the heat jack into space. Nowadays the air surrounding the earth has e much warmer because the heat can't go back into space. That’s why winter and summer temperatures in many places have e higher.

During the last 100 years people have produced a lot of carbon dioxide. This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. . It lets heat get in, but it doesn't let much heat get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer.

Where does the carbon dioxide come from? People and animals breathe in oxygen, and breathe out carbon dioxide. We produce n dioxide when we burn things. Trees take this gas from the air, and produce oxygen. But in the last few years, people have cut and burnt big areas of rainforest. This means there are fewer trees and, of course, more carbon dioxide!

As we see the climate in different parts of the world changes e from year to year. These changes can be dangerous for our в planet which needs protection. Earth is millions of years old, older than the humans. We know many of its secrets. Yet there is still much to learn.

Look through the text again and answer the questions.

1. What is climate?
2. Is the climate always the same in this or that part of the world? Does it change?
3. What can you say about the e in Russia?
4. What do you know about the greenhouse effect?
5. Why doesn't all the heat go back into space? Why doe atmosphere become warmer?
6. How can the greenhouse influence the climate on the planet in future?
7. Do you think planet needs protection? Why?

Look through the text again to complete the sentences.

1. Climate is the weather a certain place has over...
2. Climate has a very important influence on...
3. At the same time the coldest place on the planet...
4. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere, and some of the heat …
5. People and animals breathe in oxygen and...
6. Trees take carbon dioxide from the air, and...

LET US TALK

Develop the idea of each item in this outline (plan).

• The greenhouse effect.
• Possible results of the greenhouse effect.
• The role of plants on the planet.
• Climatic changes and their effects.

Many people say that the climate nowadays is going "crazy." These are some facts proving it. Read them through and give at least three reasons why such crazy happenings are bad for people and the planet.

1. The summer of 1972 in Moscow was so hot that the forests around the capital caught fire, smoke filled the city and stayed several days.
2. In January 1987 snow fell on the gondolas of Venice unusually sunny coasts of France..
3. In 1987 and 1990 Britain and France had terrible storms, strong winds ruined a lot of forest, millions of trees

Think about the climate in the place where you live. Has it changed? If you need ask your parents and teachers.

1. Have summers become colder? hotter? – Have winters become warmer? severer? – Have the summers (springs, autumns) become drier? wetter?
2. Are there many rainstorms? Was it so in the past?
3. How many unusually rainy/hot summers do you remember?
4. Do you remember any snowless winters (snowless New Years)?
5. Can you illustrate the phrase “Our planet is going crazy” with the examples you can remember?
6. Why can the greenhouse effect be dangerous for the planet?

Some people say that the Earth’s climate is becoming drier and hotter in some places and wetter and cooler in others. Can you agree with them? Give at least three reasons to prove your opinion.

Some people say that those who live in cold climate differ from those who live in hot countries. Do you believe in it? If you do, say in what way they can be different. Think of their appearance and their habits, likes and dislikes.

eat more – eat less;
eat more spices - eat less spices;
are more active – are more quiet;
are more sensible (рассудительный) – are less sensible;
are reserved – are not reserved;
are fond of bright colours – dislike very bright colours.

NATURAL WORLD IN DANGER

You have never seen a dodo. Your friends and teachers have never seen a dodo. Your grandparents never saw a dodo. The last of these large birds that couldn't fly died many years ago. Now it is extinct. We even say "as dead as a dodo", which means "finished". Your great-grandparents may just have seen a passenger pigeon: the last one died in 1914. A lot more endangered species — fish, reptiles, insects, birds, mammals — may disappear before you have children. The reason is Man that kills animals and destroys their habitats.

It is not just animals that are in danger. So are plants. The world had over nine million sq. km. of forests. This is a lot of trees, and also a lot of different species of trees. But they are disappearing fast. Every day we use paper and cardboard, both made from wood. We use different kinds of wood in furniture and in other ways. Every year over 100 000 sq. km. of forests are cleared for different uses, and a lot of forests are so badly damaged that they will hardly be able to recover. If we go on like this, by the time you are as old as your grandparents are now all the forests on earth can be destroyed. This includes rainforests in South America, Africa and Asia. The huge forests help to control the world's weather, and to produce much of the oxygen in the air. There are many illnesses which we still cannot cure. There are old ones like cancer² and new ones like AIDS. It may be that the medicines we need will be discovered in wild plants in savannas, deserts or rainforests. If we destroy these places, we will never find the cure.

So you see, that it is not just children who need a healthy space to live and grow. If we want our lives to be healthy and interesting, a lot of other creatures and plants need growing space too.

Look through the text again and answer these questions.

1. Have people living in the 20th century ever seen a dodo?
2. What is a dodo? Could you call it an extinct species?
3. What endangered species of plants and animals can you remember?
4. Why are forests on the planet disappearing fast?
5. How does this fact influence the life of people, animals and plants?
6. Why are rainforests so important for the life on the earth?
7. How can wild plants in savannas, deserts and rainforests help to cure people?
8. What should be remembered if we want to have a healthy life in future?

These are four good reasons why we must protect wildlife. Develop these ideas.

1. Forests (especially rainforests) control the world's weather.
2. Plants produce much of the oxygen in the air, which people need for breathing.
3. Wild plants can help to produce some medicines to cure dangerous diseases.
4. A lot of species of plants and animals are disappearing fast and can become extinct very soon.

LET US TALK

Imagine you are giving a talk at the Ecology Class describing the situation in the place where you live. Make a plan of your talk and speak on the following:

1. changes in the climate, in the weather;
2. reasons for these changes;
3. disappearing and rare plants (birds, animals);
4. the state of the forests, rivers and lakes in your region.

Use the plan and say what the text "Natural World in Danger about in 5-10 sentences

Read the texts and explain their titles. THIS FRAGILE PLANET

The word environment means simply what is around us. Some _people live in a town environment; for others, their environment is the countryside. But the air we breathe, the soil on which we stand and ilk, the water we drink are all part of the environment.

Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environmental problems that endanger people's lives. The most serious environmental problems are:

pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution);
noise from cars, buses, planes, etc.;
destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty;
shortage of natural resources (metals, different kinds of fuel³);
the growth of population.

Water Pollution

Water, water everywhere, not any drop to drink," said the sailor h Coleridge's⁴ poem describing to a friend how awful it was to be without drinking water on a ship in the middle of the ocean. It is strange to think that the water around his ship was probably quite safe to drink. It was salty — but not polluted. The sea waters today are much more dangerous.

There is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. The Pacific Ocean, especially, has suffered from nuclear pollution because the French Government tests nuclear weapons there. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. Britain alone dumps 250,000 tons of industrial waste straight into the North Sea. This poisons and kills fish and sea animals. "Nuclear-poisoned" fish can be eaten by people.

Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can't live in them. There is not enough oxygen in the water. In such places all the birds leave their habitats and many plants die. If people drink this water they can die too. It happens so because factories and plants produce a lot of waste and pour it into rivers. So they poison the water. Factories use clean water. After the water is used it becomes poison which goes back into rivers, lakes and seas.

Air Pollution

When the Americans decided to clean up the Statue of Liberty in 1986, the first thing they had to do was to make a hole in her nose and take away the acid rain¹ that had collected inside. The polluted air of New York had mixed with the rain and damaged the Statue badly. And you certainly know that most of the pollution in big cities comes from cars and buses.

More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer.² Normally the ozone layer³ in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution.

Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear Pollution. This happened in Windscale in Britain, in Three Mile Island in the USA and Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union. Nuclear pollution cannot be seen but its effects can be terrible.

To make air clean again we need good filters at nuclear power stations, at factories and plants and also in cars and buses.

Both clean air and clean water are necessary for our health. If people want to survive they must solve these problems very quickly. Man is beginning to understand that his environment is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth. That’s why people all over the world think and speak so much about ecology.

Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word combinations:

1. жить в условиях города;
2. решать проблемы окружающей среды;
3. угрожать жизни людей, подвергать жизнь людей опасности;
4. загрязнение водной среды;
5. загрязнение воздуха;
6. разрушение, уничтожение живой природы;
7. красота сельского ландшафта;
8. нехватка природных ресурсов;
9. пригодная, не опасная для питья (о воде);
10. использоваться в качестве мусорной свалки;
11. проводить испытания ядерного оружия;
12. промышленные и ядерные отходы;
13. рыба, подвергшаяся радиационному заражению;
14. покидать места своего обитания;
15. сливать (отходы) в близлежащие реки;
16. сильно испортил статую;
17. атомные электростанции;
18. испортиться, выйти из строя.

Answer these questions on the text.

1. What does the word environment mean?
2. What are the most serious environmental problems? Which of them are described in the text?
3. What makes the sea waters dangerous nowadays?
4. Why is it so dangerous to dump industrial waste in the sea?
5. Why was the Statue of Liberty in New York damaged?
6. Where does air pollution in the cities mostly come from?
7. Why is it not safe to be in direct sunlight in certain places?
8. Why are nuclear power stations dangerous?

Choose the best way to define these:

LET US TALK

Prove the following with the help of the text.

1. Nowadays there are a lot of environmental problems.
2. People destroy many habitats of animals.
3. Direct sunlight can be dangerous.
4. Nuclear power stations can cause a lot of trouble.
5. Man should solve ecological problems as soon as possible.

Speak about the problems of air pollution and water pollution as you see them. (the text can help you.) Mention water bodies used as rubbish dump destruction of buildings in towns, water and air pollution influence on people health.

Read the poem "An Autumn Farm" written by John Holt, a 12-year-old boy, try to write your own poem on the topic "The Natural World".

AN AUTUMN FARM

A fresh morning begins at a farm.
A smell of bacon in the air.
A smell of a new day beginning.
A sound of blowing leaves in the air.
A smell of wind and fog.
A smell of animals in the barn.
A sound of whistle from the wind, through the trees.
A smell of Autumn
A chill in the air.
A light frost on the ground.

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