Типичные ошибки школьников. Английский язык.

absent

×       He was absent at school yesterday.

√       He was absent from school yesterday.

        Обратить внимание на предлог.

Advice

1.×    I adviced him to buy this book.

   √    I advised him to buy this book.

         Advice – имя существительное.

        Advise – глагол.

2. ×   She gave me a good advice.

    √   She gave me some good advice. Or:

         She gave me a good piece of advice.

         Advice – неисчисляемое существительное, употребляющееся только в единственном числе, без неопределенного артикля.

Another,

other

×       She made a lot of another mistakes in her test. √        She made a lot of other mistakes in her test.

          Another – употребляется с существительными в единственном числе.

          Other – с существительными во множественном числе.

Answer

×        He couldnۥt answer on these questions      

          correctly.

√        He couldnۥt answer these questions correctly.

×        She didnۥt  answer to my letter.

√        She didnۥt  answer my letter.

          Обратить внимание на отсутствие предлога после глагола. Но после существительного answer может употребляться предлог to (an answer to a problem or question).

Approach

×        He approached to my table and took a seat opposite me.

√        He approached to my table and took a seat opposite me.

        Глагол approach не требует после себя предлога.

Armchair

×       She was sitting on a big armchair.

√       She was sitting in a big armchair.

         Sit on a chair     но    sit in an armchair

Arrive in, at

×       I arrived to Moscow yesterday.

√       I arrived in Moscow yesterday.

×       She arrived on the station just in time to catch the train.

√      She arrived at the station just in time to catch the train.

        Обратить внимание на предлоги.

        To arrive in a city, country etc;

         to arrive at the station, theatre, hotel, airport.

As, like

×       He started to cry as a baby.

√       He started to cry like a baby.

        Запомните: as-  в качестве, а like- словно, подобно.

Ask

×       He asked her a glass of water.

√       He asked her for a glass of water.

         Ask (someone) for something.

×       He asked to me about my holidays.

√       He asked me about my holidays.

         После глагола to ask предлог to не употребляется.

Attention

×       He didn”t pay any attention at me.

√       He didn”t pay any attention to me.

       pay attention to a person or thing.

Bad, badly

×     She speaks English very bad.

√     She speaks English very badly.

      Bad – прилагательное.

      Badly – наречие.

                     Но:

Плохо себя чувствовать – to feel bad.

Belong

×       The book belongs my friend.

√       The book belongs to my friend.

Обратить внимание на предлог to.

Between, among

×       Between all the magazines in the shop, there was one, that was very interesting.

√      Among all the magazines in the shop, there was one, that was very interesting.

        Between употребляется, когда речь идет о двух, трех лицах или предметах.

        Among – когда эти лица или предметы рассматриваются как группа или класс.

Breakfast

×      Every morning my mother prepare a breakfast.

√  Every morning my mother prepare (the) breakfast.

        Make/prepare (the) breakfast, dinner, supper,

неопределенный артикль не употребляется.

Call, ring

×       Call to me tomorrow if you have any news.

√       Call  me tomorrow if you have any news.

После глаголов to call, ring, phone предлог to не употребляется.

Classic

×      I  prefer classic music to pop.

√      I  prefer classical music to pop.

Complain

×       I have to complain on one of your products.

√       I have to complain about one of your products.

        После глагола complain  употребляется предлог about.

Cooker

×       The cooker puts too much salt in the food.

√       The cook/chef puts too much salt in the food.

         Cook/chef - повар

Describe

×       He would like to describe me his native town.

√     He would like to describe to me his native town.

         Глагол to describe требует  предлога перед косвенным дополнением.

Dream

 ×       I have always dreamed to visit London.

√        I have always dreamed of visiting London.

Dream of + v-ing.

Enjoy

×        I enjoy to speak foreign languages.

√        I enjoy speaking  foreign languages.

          Enjoy + v-ing.

Enter

×       He entered into the room and closed the window.

√       He entered the room and closed the window.

Глагол to enter употребляется без предлога.

Everything

×       In Moscow everything are more expensive than in Kiev.

√        In Moscow everything is more expensive than in Kiev.

Expect, wait

×       She was standing near the shop expecting a taxi.

√        She was standing near the shop waiting for a taxi.

to wait for a taxi, the guests… - ждать такси, гостей

to expect good results – ждать хороших результатов (надеяться на …)

Fear

×       He suddenly felt fear.

√        He suddenly felt afraid.

Foot

×       She often goes to school by foot.

√        She often goes to school on foot.

Обратить внимание:

go by car, bus, train, air

но:

go on foot

Forget, leave

×       I forgot my umbrella at home.

√        I left my umbrella at home.

to forget – забыть какую-то информацию, забыть что-то сделать

to leave – забыть или оставить какую-то вещь.

Friendly

×       All the girls are very friendly with me.

√        All the girls are very friendly to me.

Обратить внимание на предлог.

From

×       I have been studying at Moscow University from 2005.

√        I have been studying at Moscow University since 2005.

Обратить внимание: период в прошлом

from  2000 to 2005

since 2005 – с момента в прошлом до настоящего времени.

Furniture

×       You can see many furniture in this shop.

√        You can see much furniture in this shop.

Furniture – неисчисляемое существительное.

Give

×       She gave to him some sandwiches.

√        She gave him some sandwiches.

or

√        She gave some sandwiches to me.

Запомните конструкции:

to give somebody something

и

to give something to somebody

Good

×       He doesn’t speak English very good.

√        He doesn’t speak English very well.

good – прилагательное

well - наречие

Go out

×       The bus stopped and went out.

√        The bus stopped and he got off.

Get on/off a bus/train/plane.

Gossip

×       She told me gossips about all her friends.

√        She told me a lot of gossip about all her friends.

Существительное gossip – неисчисляемое.

Hair

×       His hair are fair.

√        His hair is fair.

Слово hair – неисчисляемое.

Happen

×       It happened with me an hour ago.

√        It happened to me an hour ago.

Обратить внимание на предлог: happen to …

Hardly

×       The dog looked terribly and couldn’t hardly move.

√        The dog looked terribly and could hardly move.

Слово hardly (едва, почти нет) не используется с never, not…

Have to

×       Her husband earns a lot of money so she hasn’t to work.

√        Her husband earns a lot of money so she doesn’t have to work.

Глагол have to (has to) = должен, обрзует отрицательную и вопросительные формы вспомогательным глаголом do (does).

High

×       This boy is high.

√        This boy is tall.

Слово high не употребляется для описания людей.

Homework

×       Our teacher gives us a lot of homeworks.

√        Our teacher gives us a lot of homework.

Homework – неисчисляемое существительное существительное.

Hour

×       It was a ten hours trip.

√        It was a ten-hour trip.

Hundred

×       Five hundreds children are born in the city every day.

√        Five hundred children are born in the city every day.

Запомните:

hundreds of children

но

five hundred children, two hundred children и т.д.

Это правило относится и к словам: dozen, thousand, million…

Hurry

×       He was in hurry.

√        He was in a hurry.

Выражение: to be in a hurry.

If

×       If the weather will be fine we’ll go to the beach.

√        If the weather is fine we’ll go to the beach.

После if в условных предложениях не употребляется будущее время.

In

×       I work six hours in a day.

√        I work six hours a day.

Предлог in не используется в выражениях таких как: “The bank is open five days a week.”

“He visits his parents two times a year.”

“I drove at ninety miles an hour.”

Indoor

×       The weather was bad we decided to stay in door.

√        The weather was bad we decided to stay in doors.

Обратите внимание:

indoor – прилагательное

indoors -  наречие

Information

×       The information are new.

√        The information is new.

Слово information – неисчиляемое существительное.

Insist on

×       The teacher insisted to help us with our project.

√        The teacher insisted on helping us with our project.

insist on + v-ing.

Invent, discover

×       Who discovered electricity?

√        Who invented electricity?

Глагол to invent – открывать (изобрести, создать что-либо новое)

Глагол to discover – открыть (обнаружить то, что не было известным, например, страну).

Journey

×       It was the first journey she had done to London.

√        It was the first journey she had made to London.

Обратить внимание: “make a journey”.

Kind

×       All people were kind with me.

√        All people were kind to me.

Внимание: be kind to someone.

Knowledge

×       The teacher advised her to attend a course to improve her knowledges of English.

√        The teacher advised her to attend a course to improve her knowledge of English.

Knowledge – неисчисляемое существительное.

Last

×       She went to Paris in last year.

√        She went to Paris last year.

Предлог in не употребляется в сочетаниях типа last (next) year, month, week.

Leave

×       My friend  left to Moscow on 16-th May.

√        My friend left for Moscow on 16-th May.

Let

×       My mother didn”t let me to watch television in the evening.

√         My mother didn”t let me watch television in the evening.

После глагола let  неопределенная форма глагола употребляется без частицы to.

Listen

×       My mother never listens me.

√        My mother never listens to me.

Обратить внимание : listen to someone/ to something

Look  at

× I stood in front of the window, looking the trees.

√         I stood in front of the window, looking at the trees.

Look at someone/something

Love

×       It was a very interesting film and I loved it very much.

√        I was a very interesting film and I liked it very much.

to love – любить кого-то

to like – любить что-то

Magazine

×       A lot of magazines are in our street.

√        A lot of shops are in our street.

magazine – ежемесячный или еженедельный журнал

shop – магазин