Различные пути в подготовке учащихся к написанию писем (в формате ЕГЭ)

В последнее время многие учителя , используя различную методическую литературу, ищут пути повышения эффективности обучения учащихся письму.
Если обратиться к формату ЕГЭ, то он включает два задания:

• Написание письма личного характера (100-140 слов);
• Написание эссе с элементами рассуждения (200-250 слов).

Сначала рассмотрим стратегии выполнения этой части экзамена.

Стратегии выполнения этой части экзамена:

1. Внимательно прочитайте задание и выделите главные вопросы, о которых нужно написать, определите формат письменного задания ( вид письма и тип сочинения)
2. Определите, кому адресовано письмо и выберите соответствующий стиль письма .
3. Составьте план письма / сочинения и подберите необходимые слова и выражения.
4. Пишите в соответствии с планом и помните о делении текста на абзацы.
5. Старайтесь использовать не только простые предложения, но и сложноподчинённые, используя средства логической связи.
6. Старайтесь правильно употреблять временные формы глагола, используйте разнообразные грамматические структуры.
7. Внимательно проверьте работу, обращая внимание на следующие моменты:
• Соблюдается ли формат и стиль высказывания;
• Логично ли текст делится на абзацы;
• Правильно ли использованы средства связи внутри предложений, между предложениями, между абзацами;
• Проверьте правильность написания каждого слова

Для успешного выполнения этого задания, можно наметить различные пути:

1й путь - опора на модель. Модели хорошо представлены в современных УМК (как отечественных, так и зарубежных авторов) в разделах Writing Help.
В качестве примера можно посмотреть Opportunities (Michael Harris and others), State Exam , Maximiser ( Е.Н.Соловова, И.Е.Солокова), Practice Tests for the Russian State Exam (Elena Klekovkina and others) и другие. Последние два источника, на мой взгляд, самые удачные для подготовки к ЕГЭ.

2й путь- опора на клише. Клише разрабатываются самим учителем, опираясь на собственный опыт или на опыт коллег.

3й путь- опора на предварительные упражнения, которые можно взять готовые из УМК или составить самостоятельно. Какой путь лучше? Моё мнение - использование всех путей.

Что касается первого пути - использование модели, то я не буду останавливаться, так как наши и зарубежные УМК изобилуют такими моделями. Я хочу начать с клише.

Клише для написания личного письма (в формате ЕГЭ)

Для начала познакомимся со структурой и образцом написания письма.

Структура письма

Образец написания письма

• Greeting
  - never begin Dear friend / Pen friend; write the name Dear Jane,
• Introduction
  - reasons for writing; / - an apology for a delay in writing / - a thank you to the person for his last letter
• Main Body
  -divide your letter into paragraphs and include 2-3 points in each paragraph
• Conclusion
  -an excuse to stop writing/ - greetings to the person’s family ( friends) / - an invitation/ - a promise to write again soon, / - a request to the person to reply soon
• Ending
  - Lots of love/ Best wishes + your first name

Useful Vocabulary

Письма с просьбой дать совет. Asking for advice

Письма-советы. Giving advice

Примеры подготовительных упражнений для учащихся (перед написанием личного письма)

Exercise 1. пример взят из Practice Tests for the Russian State Exam (E.Klekovkina…) Macmillan

Put the parts of this letter in the correct order (Part1- Part9) - Key: HDFBGAEC

A.. Anyway, I've got to go now. Lots of homework (unfortunately!)
B. I'm sorry to hear you've had an argument with your best friend and that you're not speaking at the moment. Yes, it has happened to me too, and it's awful, isn't it?
C. Carol
D. Dear Sally,
E. Write back soon!
F. Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you! Well done on passing your exams!
G. I think you need to ask yourself one question: what's more important- that argument or your friendship? I remember when I asked myself that it all became clear. I realized my friendship with Chris was far more important. I called him immediately and told him. We became friends again immediately. Maybe you should do the same thing. Let me know what happens! Good luck!
H. 23 Portland Street
Manchester
MN3 6YL
24th September

Exercise 2. пример взят из Reading/ Writing (Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooley) Express Publishing.

You recently started a new job, and you have decided to write and tell a friend about it. Write your letter, describing the job and the people you work with. (100-150 words)
Key: 1 - A, 2 - B, 3 - A, 4 - X ...description of yourself, ...where you went last night, ...news about your holiday, 5 - A, B, C

1. Who is going to read your letter?
   A someone you know well
   В someone you have never met
2. Why are you writing the letter?
   A to apply for a new job
   В to tell someone your news
3. What will your letter be about?
   A your new job
   В your friend's new job
4. Which three points below would you not include in the letter? Put a cross (х).
   ...reason for writing
   ...description of yourself
   ...brief description of the work you do
   ...where you went last night
   ...the people you work with
   ...news about your holiday
   ...asking the other person to reply
   
5. Which of the following could you use in the letter?
   A. short forms
   B. idioms
   C. informal vocabulary
   D. formal, polite expressions

Exercise 3. пример взят из Reading/ Writing (Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooley) Express Publishing

You have decided to hold a party at your house on New Year's Eve. Write a letter to a friend who lives in another town, inviting him/her to your party and telling him/her what you have planned for the occasion. (120-180 words)
Key: 1 - informal, 2 - someone you know well, 3 - to invite someone to a party, 4 - the reason you are writing,plans and preparations for the party

1. What style would you use for this letter?
2. Who is going to read it?
3. Why are you writing the letter?
4. Which two points below are main topics that you might include in your letter?
   ... the reason you are writing
   ... why you haven't held a party before
   ... a description of your house
   ... plans and preparations for the party
   ... how much money you will spend on food and drink ....
   ... recent changes in your town
5. If you were holding a party, what plans/preparations would you make? Use these headings to help you.
   food & drink
   guests
   decorations
6. Read the letter and label the paragraphs with the headings.
   closing remarks
   reason for writing
   details about the event
   

What is the main topic of each paragraph?

Paragraph 2: A plans and preparations for the party В the other guests who will be there СMexican food and decorations
Paragraph 3: A the easiest way to get to Mark's house Вspecific arrangements for Vic and Monica С how long the party will last

Exercise 4. пример взят из Reading/ Writing (Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooley) Express Publishing

Read the sentences and decide which are from introductions and which are from conclusions.
(Key: 1 - C, 2 - I, 3 - C, 4 - C, 5 - I, 6 - I)

1. Please let me know as soon as possible.
2. I'm writing to invite you to our wedding on 6th May.
3. I'm sure it will be fun, and I hope you'll be able to come.
4. Looking forward to seeing you then.
5. Were organising a fancy-dress party and it would be great if you could come.
6. We'd love it if you could come to our house-warming party on 27th January.

Task 5. пример взят из Reading/ Writing (Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooley) Express Publishing

Read the short letter of invitation and correct the mistakes in bold.

Dear Sally,
I'm writting to invite you to our cottage near Wynton for the first weekend on June, when Wynton has its annual fair. Its always great fun, and I'm sure you are enjoy it. The fair takes place in the Saturday, with a flower show, a funfair and lots of others things, and there is usualy a big dance at the evening.
The next day Barry and I am going to have a barbecue if the weather will be fine. Most of our freinds have been invited, so you'll meet some interesting people.
Please let us know if you can make it. Looking forward to seeing you.
Lots of love,
Beth