Ancient Wonders of the World
Great Pyramid of Giza
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The Giza Valley Plateau consists of 11 Pyramids, 4 Valley Temples, 3 Mortuary Temples, 3 Procession ways, a Sphinx, as well as several boat pits all of which follow the blueprint of Sacred Geometry.
The Great Pyramid was built in 2550 BC by Egyptians. The Great Pyramid is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis and sauges bordering what is now Cairo, Egypt in Africa. A common theme found in many of the alternative theories put forward concerning the Giza pyramids and many other megalithic sites around the world, is the suggestion that these are not the products of the civilizations and cultures known to conventional history, but are instead the much older remnants of some hitherto unknown advanced ancient culture. In either event, The Great Pyramids is the only Wonder of the Ancient World that is still standing.
Temple of Artemis
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The Temple of Artemis (in Greek — Artemision, and in Latin — Artemisium), also known as Temple of Diana, was a temple dedicated to Artemis completed around 550 BC at Ephesus (in present-day Turkey) under the Achaemenid dynasty of the Persian Empire.
When the majority of Ephesians converted to Christianity, the Temple of Artemis lost its religious appeal. Christians tore down the remenants of the temple, and the stones were used in construction of other buildings.
The site of the temple was rediscovered in 1869 by an expedition sponsored by the British Museum led by John Turtle Wood, and while several artifacts and sculptures from the reconstructed temple can be seen there today, as for the original site, only a single column remains from the temple itself.
The Lighthouse of Alexandria
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The Pharos of Alexandria was a tower built in the 3rd century BC (between 285 and 247 BC) on the island of Pharos in Alexandria, Egypt to serve as that port's landmark, and later, its lighthouse.
With a height variously estimated at between 115 and 135 meters (383 - 440 ft) it was among the tallest man-made structures on Earth for many centuries, and was identified as one of the Seven Wonders of the World by classical writers.
Fort Qaitbey was built on the site of the Pharos in the 15th Century, using some of its fallen masonry.
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
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This is the statue of the god in whose honor the Ancient Olympic Games were held. It was located on the land that gave its very name to the Olympics. At the time of the games, wars stopped, and athletes came from Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Sicily to celebrate the Olympics and to worship their king of gods: Zeus. Olympia was further struck by earthquakes, landslides and floods, and the temple was damaged by fire in the fifth century AD. Earlier, the statue had been transported by wealthy Greeks to a palace in Constantinople. There, it survived until it was destroyed by a severe fire in AD 462. Today nothing remains at the site of the old temple except rocks and debris, the foundation of the buildings, and fallen columns.
Colossus of Rhodes
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Ancient accounts (which differ to some degree) describe the structure as being built around several stone columns (or towers of blocks) forming the interior of the structure, which stood on a fifteen-meter-high (fifty-foot) white marble pedestal near the Mandraki harbour entrance. The statue stood for only fifty-six years until Rhodes was hit by an earthquake in 224 BC. The statue snapped at the knees and fell over onto the land. Pieces continued to turn up for sale for years, after being found along the caravan route. Nowadays there has been much debate as to whether to rebuild the Colossus.
Mausoleum of Maussollos at Halicarnassus
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The Mausoleum of Maussollos or Mausoleum of Halicarnassus was a tomb
built between 353–350 BC at Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey), for Mausolus (in
Greek, 
), a provincial king in
the Persian Empire, and Artemisia II of Caria, his wife and sister. The structure was
designed by the Greek architects Satyrus and Pythius. The Mausoleum overlooked the city of
Halicarnassus for many centuries. It was untouched when the city fell to Alexander the
Great in 334 BC and still undamaged after attacks by pirates in 62 and 58 BC. It stood
above the city ruins for some 16 centuries. Then a series of earthquakes shattered the
columns and sent the stone chariot crashing to the ground.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
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The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (also known as Hanging Gardens of Semiramis) and the walls of Babylon (present-day Iraq) were considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. They were both supposedly built by Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 BC. According to accounts, the gardens were built to cheer up Nebuchadnezzar's homesick wife, Amyitis. The land she came from, though, was green, rugged and mountainous, and she found the flat, sun-baked terrain of the Mesopotamia (a region of southwest Asia) depressing. The king decided to recreate her homeland by building an artificial mountain with rooftop gardens. Gardens were destroyed after the 1st century BC because of earthquake.
Modern Material Wonders
Channel Tunnel
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The Channel Tunnel (French: le tunnel sous la Manche) is a 31 mile (50.5 km)-long rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Straits of Dover, connecting Folkestone, Kent in England to Coquelles near Calais in northern France. A long-standing and very expensive megaproject that saw several false starts; it was finally completed in 1994. It is the second-longest rail tunnel in the world, with the Seikan Tunnel in Japan being longer, but the undersea section of 24 miles (39 km) is the longest in the world. It is operated by Eurotunnel. Before and during construction it was widely known by the nickname Chunnel, but today it is normally known as the Channel Tunnel.
CN Tower
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Defining the Toronto skyline, the CN Tower is Canada's most recognizable and celebrated icon. At a height of 553.33m (1,815 ft., 5 inches), it is Canada’s National Tower, the World's Tallest Building, an important telecommunications hub, and the centre of tourism in Toronto. Each year, approximately 2 million people visit the CN Tower to take in the breath-taking view and enjoy all the attractions it has to offer.
While visiting the CN Tower, guests not only enjoy the amazing view, but the many great attractions available. With 4 lookout levels the view of Toronto just gets better the higher you go.
Empire State Building
The Empire State Building is a 102-story contemporary Art Deco style skyscraper in New York City, declared by the American Society of Civil Engineers to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World.
Designed by Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, it was finished in 1931. The tower takes its name from the nickname of New York State. Since the World Trade Center was destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks, it is again the tallest building in New York City. It is currently the second tallest building in the United States after the Sears Tower in Chicago.
The building belongs to the World Federation of Great Towers.
Golden Gate Bridge
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The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening into the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. It connects the city of San Francisco on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula to Marin County.
The Golden Gate Bridge was the largest suspension bridge in the world when it was completed in 1937 and has become an internationally recognized symbol of San Francisco. It is currently the second longest suspension bridge in the United States after the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City.
Itaipu Dam
The Itaipu Dam is listed as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World, in a list compiled in 1995 by the American magazine Popular Mechanics.
Itaipu is a dam of the Parana River that includes a hydroelectric power plant, located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. The name "Itaipu" was taken from an isle that existed near the construction site. Itaipu, from the Guarani language, means "singing stones". The American composer Philip Glass has also written a symphonic cantata named Itaipu in honour of the structure.
Delta Works
After some tragedies caused by sea floods, an ambitious flood defense system was conceived and deployed, called the Delta Works. The Dutch government often cites the Delta Works project as the world's largest flood protection project.
This project was intended to improve the safety of the lower areas of the Netherlands against severe storms and flooding; since more than one third of the nation's land lies below sea level, this is no simple task. There are two the most famous projects of delta works – the Maeslant Barrier and Oosterscheldekering.
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal (Spanish: Canal de Panama) is a major ship canal that traverses the Isthmus of Panama in Central America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Construction of the canal was one of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken. It has had an enormous impact on shipping between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, obviating the long and treacherous route via the Drake Passage and Cape Horn at the southernmost tip of South America. A ship sailing from New York to San Francisco via the canal travels 9,500 kilometers (6,000 mi), well under half the distance of the previous 22,500 kilometre (14,000 mi) route around Cape Horn.
Great Wall of China
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The Great Wall of China, also known in China as the Great Wall of 10,000, is an ancient Chinese fortification built from the end of the 14th century until the beginning of the 17th century, during the Ming Dynasty, in order to protect China from raids by the Mongols and Turkic tribes. It was preceded by several walls built since the 3rd century BC against the raids of nomadic tribes coming from areas now in modern day Mongolia and Manchuria. It is the only one wonder visible from the space.
Archipelago “The World”
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The World is an archipelago of artificial islands, shaped like the continents of the Earth, being constructed off the coast of Dubai. The project is inspired by the artificial Palm Islands also being built in Dubai. The World will consist of 250 to 300 smaller private artificial islands divided into four categories — private homes, estate homes, dream resorts, and community islands. The entire project is slated for completion in 2008.
Wonders of Human’s Progress
Computers
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They have already revolutionized the way we live and work. But it is early days for computers. We don’t know how much they are still changing the world. More computer wonders are yet to come. We mean not only Personal Computers, but also some clones, “sensible” machines and many others.
What’s about a personal computer, PC is usually a microcomputer whose price, size, and capabilities make it suitable for personal usage. The term was popularized by Apple Computer with the Apple II in the late-1970s and early-1980s, and afterwards by IBM with the IBM PC.
Space travel
Spaceflight is the transportation of manned or unmanned spacecraft into and through space.
The first man-made object to achieve spaceflight was the German V-2 Rocket during test flights in 1942. . The next major milestone was the Russian satellite Sputnik 1 in 1957 which became the first man-made object to orbit the Earth. In 1969 Neil Armstrong stepped out of his space capsule and made his famous statement: “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind”. Spaceflight is a necessary component of space exploration, but also supports activities such launching of telecommunications satellites and space tourism.
Medical Science
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Surely nothing have done more for the comfort and happiness of mankind than the advance of medical knowledge! How many millions of people have benefited from the humble aspirin? How many lives have penicillin saved? Average life expectancy in Europe has risen dramatically over the last hundred years, from about 50 years in 1906 to about 75 years today.
Medicine is the branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, treatment and possible prevention of disease and injury. It is both an area of knowledge – a science of body systems, their diseases and treatment – and the applied practice of that knowledge.
Holidays: Christmas
Here you’ll read about some holidays… Yes - holidays! In fact there have always been holidays – in ancient Rome there was more than 150 a year – but a holiday used to mean simply a day free from work. Now holidaymakers travel to all parts of the world. Perhaps you don’t like so many tourists in your country, but you must agree that a phenomenon which sees the population of Greece treble in summer, and which sends office workers and shop assistants to Spain, Turkey, or the Caribbean is a wonder of the world. People visit tropical or northern countries and services.
Although some holidays people try to celebrate at home with their family. Christmas is the most famous, and considerable holiday all over the world.
The Christmas season is celebrated in different ways around the world. But it is a Memorial Day of Christ’s birth. Firstly it had been celebrated ont the 6th of January in the East, but then it was extended to the 25th of December. It is the main family holiday in Christendom.
The Olympic Games
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It is true that the Olympic Games are now commercialized and there is greed and drug abuse. However, it is a competition in which every country in the world takes part. Every four years in summer and every two years in winter, for a brief moment, we see this countries come together in peace and friendship. We feel hope again for the future of mankind.
The Olympic Games, or Olympics, are an international multi-sport event. Beginning in 776 BC, they were originally held in Olympia, Greece until 393 AD. In 1896, they were revived by a French nobleman, Pierre Freddy, Baron de Coubertin, thus beginning the era of the Modern Olympic Games.
Agriculture
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Agriculture (a term which encompasses farming) is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals. Agriculture is also short for the study of the practice of agriculture—more formally known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture is closely linked to human history, and agricultural developments have been crucial factors in social change, including the specialization of human activity. The 20th Century saw massive changes in agricultural practice, particularly in agricultural chemistry.
In 1724, Jonathan Swift wrote, ‘Whoever makes two blades of grass or two ears of corn grow where only one grew before serves mankind better then the whole race of politicians’. In Europe farmers have done this. In 1709, whole villages in France died of hunger. Now, in Europe we can’t eat all the food we produce. If only the politicians could find a way to share it with those parts of the world where there is still famine!
Life of mankind
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The last wonder of the modern world is simply that we are still here. We have bombs that could destroy the world about 6 times but we have not used them. We have so many environmental problems that it seems too strange why people have not died. This is surely the greatest wonder of all!
A nuclear weapon is a weapon which derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions of fission or fusion. As a result, even a nuclear weapon with a relatively small yield is significantly more powerful than the largest conventional explosives, and a single weapon is capable of destroying an entire city.
Environmentalism is the advocation of preservation, restoration, and improvement of the natural environment, such as the conservation of natural resources, prevention of pollution, and certain land use actions.
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