ЦЕЛЬ:
Познакомить учащихся с жизнью и творчеством величайшего английского поэта и драматурга Уильяма Шекспира.
ЗАДАЧИ:
- Развитие общего кругозора учащихся, их познавательных и творческих способностей.
- Приобщение к миру прекрасного, привитие эстетического вкуса.
- Повышения интереса к предметам “Иностранный язык” и “Литература”.
ОСНАЩЕНИЕ: Портрет У.Шекспира, фотоиллюстрация с изображением театра “Глобус” в Лондоне, рисунок-схема “Театр времен Шекспира”, компьютерная презентация “Стратфорд-на-Эйвоне”, аудиозапись лютневой музыки 16 века, костюмы и реквизит для инсценировок, листы с заданиями, магнитофон, экран, мультимедийный проектор, компьютер.
“William the Great”Music.
Teacher: Dear guests! We are glad to see you at our literary party. Today we are going to speak about the most famous English poet and playwright, great William Shakespeare. We hope you will enjoy our party.
Pupil 1: William Shakespeare was born on or about April 23, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker and a dealer in wood and other farm products. He was a respected figure in Stratford. In his childhood William went to the Grammar School where, besides reading and writing, he was taught Latin and Greek. They say that when he had free time he liked to go to the forest and to the river.
Teacher: Let’s invite our guests to Shakespeare’s hometown.
Two pupils come up to the blackboard and speak about Stratford-upon-Avon using the slides.
Pupil 2: Mary Arden’s house, three miles north-west of Stratford. Here Shakespeare’s mother lived. This is a typical farm house of the period.
Pupil 3: Shakespeare’s birthplace in Henley Street. John Shakespeare lived and kept his shop in this house. His eight children were born here. Two of them died young.
Pupil 2: This is the schoolroom where Shakespeare was educated as many people believe. It is still in use.
Pupil 3: Anne Hathaway’s cottage, a mile from Stratford, where she was born in 1556, and lived until she married William Shakespeare in 1582.
Pupil 2: This is the place where the house in which Shakespeare died used to be. It was a big house bought by William Shakespeare for his family when he was still in London. He spent the last years of his life here. Unfortunately, the house was destroyed.
Pupil 3: This is the Holy Trinity Church where Shakespeare was buried. Visitors coming to Stratford admire the beauty of the church and honour his memory. -1-
Pupil 2: Another memorial to William Shakespeare is the Royal Shakespeare theatre. The present building was constructed in 1932. The first building was opened on Shakespeare’s birthday in1879 and destroyed by fire in1926.
Pupil 3: The bronze statue of Shakespeare, presented to Stratford by Lord Ronald Sutterland Gower in 1888. Shakespeare’s figure is high above the ground and on the ground there are small figures of Shakespeare’s famous characters.
Teacher: Thank you, friends. Shakespeare’s life in Stratford-upon-Avon was quiet but not very comfortable and happy. Do you know when and why William decided to leave his hometown and to become an actor?
Pupil 4: When actors visited Stratford William liked to watch them. He was interested in that profession and decided to become an actor himself.
But it was not so quick. In 1582 at just over 18 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, a farmer’s daughter. In 1583 Susanna, their first child, was born and twins Hamnet and Judith followed in 1585. Later that year Shakespeare left for London. His friend, Toby, told the following story.
Music is off. Scene: William is sitting at the table. He is rather sad. His wife is cooking something. She is looking very angry.
Toby: It was November, 1587. I came to William. (Knocks at the door.) Good evening!
William: Hi!
Anne (crying): How can you do this to me? And what about our children?
William: I’ve told Anne that I’m going to live in London. I want to be an actor and to write plays, if I can.
Anne: Plays! Acting! Actors are dirty, wicked people! They’re all thieves and criminals! They drink all day and they never go to church!
William: Stratford’s too small, Toby. Too slow. Too quiet. Too boring. I’ve got to get away.
Toby: Yes, but how? You’ve got a family – three young children, remember.
Anne: I’ve never listened anything good about actors and their life. And you will become a thief and a criminal too!
William: Don’t be stupid, Anne. You know that’s not true. Listen. I’ll come home when I can but I must go to London. I can’t do anything in Stratford. Are you going with me, Toby?
Toby: Of course, I am. How soon shall we start?
Music.
Pupil 5: We know absolutely nothing about his life for the next 7 years. He is reputed to have been all manner of things from sailor and soldier to lawyer’s clerk and house holder outside an early London playhouse. Maybe, he wrote his sonnets and poems, but we know for certain that in 1592 a playwright, Robert Greene, wrote an angry pamphlet on Shakespeare from which we may conclude that by that year Shakespeare had become a dramatist. Later, he became a member of the company known as “Chamberlain’s Men”. He wrote most of his plays for the Globe Theatre. Now we’ll tell you what the theatre of the 16-th century was like.
Pupil 6: The stage projected far out into the pit where the spectators stood. Round the pit there were tiers of galleries, one over the other. The galleries were roofed, while the pit was open to the sky. Those spectators who could not pay much for their tickets stood in the pit. Rich men sat in the galleries, and noblemen were allowed to sit on the stage.
Pupil 7: Since the pit of the theatre was open to the sky the performance depended entirely upon the weather. Flags were raised when a play was to be given, but if the weather suddenly changed for the worse, the flags were pulled down and the performance did not take place.
Pupil 1: Performances always began in broad daylight and the entertainment lasted for three hours. There was no scenery in the modern sense. There were merely a few tables, chairs and so on to give some indication of the setting. Sometimes an actor would come on the stage and say: “You shall have Asia on one side and Africa on the other” or “We must believe the stage to be a garden.” Actresses were unknown on the stage and all women’s parts were played by boys or young men. -2-
Pupil 4: At the same time, Shakespeare was an actor, a poet and a writer of drama. He wrote 2 long poems and 37 plays where he showed his creative genius. William Shakespeare also wrote
some of very good poetry, especially the sonnets. A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem. Sonnets are marked by Roman figures. There 154 sonnets written by Shakespeare. We would like to recite five of them.
Reciter 1: Sonnet CIV
To me, fair friend, you never can be old,
For us you were when first your eye I ey’d,
Such seems your beauty still. Three winters cold
Have from the forests shook three summers’ pride;
Three beauteous springs to yellow autumn turn’d
In process of the seasons have I seen;
Three April perfumes in three hot Junes burn’d,
Since first I saw you fresh, which yet are green.
Ah1 yet doth beauty, like a dial-hand
Steal from his figure, and no pace perceive’d;
So your sweet hue, which methinks still doth stand,
Hath motion and mine eye may be deceiv’d:
For fear of which, hear this, thou age unbred, -
Ere you were born was beauty’s summer dead.
Reciter 2: Sonnet CXVI
Let me not to the marriage of the minds
Admit impediments. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds
Or bends with the remover to remove.
O no, it is an ever-fixed mark,
That looks on tempests, and is never shaken,
It is the star to every wandering bark,
Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken.
Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks
Within his bending sickle’s compass come;
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,
But bears it out even to the edge of doom
If this be error, and upon me proved
I never write, nor no man ever loved.
Reciter 3: Sonnet LXVI
Tired with all these, for restful death I cry;
As, to behold desert a beggar born,
And needy nothing trimmed in jollity,
And purest faith unhappily forsworn,
And gilded honour shamefully misplaced,
And maiden virtue rudely strumpeted,
And right perfection wrongfully disgraced,
And strength by limping sway disabled,
And art made tongue-tied by authority,
And folly, doctor-like, controlling skill,
And simple truth miscalled simplicity,
And captive good attending captain ill:
Tired with all these, from these would I be gone
Save that, to die, I leave my love alone.
Reciter 4: Sonnet XC
Then hate me when thou wilt; if ever, now, Now, while the world is bent my deeds to cross,
Join with the spite of Fortune, make me bow,
And do not drop in for after-loss.
Ah, do not, when my heart hath scaped this sorrow.
Come in the rearward of a conquered woe;
Give not a windy night a rainy morrow,
To linge out a purposed overthrow.
If thou wilt leave me, do not leave me last,
When other pretty griefs have done their spite,
But in the onset come so shall I taste
At first the very worst of Fortune’s might;
And other strains of woe’ which now seem woe,
Compared with loss of thee will not seem so.
Reciter 5: Sonnet CXXX
My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
I have seen roses damask, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks:
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
That music bath a far more pleasing sound;
I grant I never saw a goddess go;
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground.
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare
As any she belied with false compare.
Pupil 5: The first period (1590-1600) of Shakespeare’s creative work consists of comedies and histories. In this period Shakespeare wrote such histories as “King Henry V”, “King Richard II”, “King Richard III” and others. Here the author showed historical events and dramatic characters.
“Romeo and Juliet” is one of Shakespeare’s best plays. It is a tragedy, but it was written in the first period of his creative work. This play is full of love, youth and humanism. We would like to show you a little scene from this play.
“Romeo and Juliet”
(Act II, Scene 2: Capulet’s orchard)
Romeo: He jests at scars that never felt a wound.
(Juliet appears above at a window)
But soft! What light through yonder window breaks?
It is the East, and Juliet is the sun!
Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,
Who is already sick and pale with grief,
That thou her maid art far more fair than she,
Be not her maid, since she is envious,
Her vestal livery is but sick and green,
And none but fools do wear it. Cast it off.
It is my lady; O, it is my love:
O that she knew she were.
She speaks, yet she says nothing.
Her eye discourses; I will answer it. What of that? -4-
See how she leans her cheek upon her hand,
That I might touch that cheek.
Juliet: O, Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?
Deny thy father and refuse thy name:
Or, if thou will not, be but sworn my love
And I’ll no longer be a Capulet.
Romeo: Shall I hear more or shall I speak at this?
Juliet: Tis but thy name that is my enemy.
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague!
What’s Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man! O, be some other name!
What’s in a name? That which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call’d,
Retain that dear perfection which he owes
Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name;
And for thy name, which is no part of thee,
Take all myself.
Romeo: I take thee at thy word.
Call me but love, and I’ll be new baptiz’d
Henceforth I never will be Romeo.
Pupil 6: All of Shakespeare’s famous tragedies appeared between 1600 and 1608. This was the second period of his literary work. In the plays of this period the dramatist reaches his full maturity. He presents great human problems. This period began with the tragedy “Hamlet”, which was a great success. The following plays belonging to the second period: “King Lear”, “Othello”, “Macbeth”.
Pupil 7: Shakespeare’s plays of the third period (1609-1611) are called romantic dramas: “The Tempest”, “The Winter’s Tale”, “Henry VIII”.
William Shakespeare retired, about 1611, to Stratford, where he bought a house known as New Place and dealt with investing his savings in London’s estate.
The day of his death was the 23rd of April, 1616, fifty-two years exactly after the supposed day of his birth.
Teacher: Four hundred years later his plays are still acted – not only in England but in the whole world. We remember and admire Shakespeare’s poetry. Benjamin Johnson (1573-1637), a playwright and player, and a good friend of Shakespeare, was quite right saying: “He (Shakespeare) was not of an age but for all time”. [6]
And now let’s check if you know Shakespeare’s characters and plays. You will do three tasks.
(Participants and guests are divided into some groups)
Task 1. You have the list of several famous plays. Divide these plays into three groups: “comedies”, “tragedies”, “and historical plays”.
Key: Comedies – The Taming of the Shrew, Much Ado about Nothing, Twelfth Night, As You Like It. Tragedies – Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Othello. Historical plays – Henry VI, Richard III, Henry IV.
Task 2. The next task is more difficult. You should match the plays with their characters.
Key: Montague – Romeo and Juliet, Mark Antony – Julius Caesar, Desdemona – Othello, Mucduff – Macbeth, the Earl of Gloucester – King Lear, Ophelia – Hamlet, Antonio – Merchant of Venice, Puck – A Midsummer Night’s Dream.
Task 3. The last task is the most difficult. A lot of phrases from Shakespeare’s plays are quoted in various languages almost every day. Do you know any of them? I will read aloud a phrase and you should name the play and give the Russian translation.
- “Alas, poor Yorick” (Hamlet, “Увы, бедный Йорик”) -5-
- “All world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players” (As You Like It, “Весь мир – театр, а люди в нем – актеры”)
- “Et tu, Brute?” (Julius Caesar, “И ты, о Брут!”)
- “Every inch a king” (King Lear, “Король от головы до ног”)
- “Get thee to a nunnery” (Hamlet, “Уйди в монастырь”)
- “Lord, what fools these mortals be!” (A Midsummer Night’s Dream, “Как безумен род людской!”)
- “Neither a borrower nor a lender be” (Hamlet, “В долг не бери и взаймы не давай”)
- “Something is rotten in the state of Denmark” (Hamlet, “Подгнило что-то в датском королевстве”)
- “There is a special providence in the fall of a sparrow (Hamlet, “И в гибели воробья есть особый промысел”)
- “To be, or not to be: that is the question” (Hamlet, “Быть или не быть – вот в чем вопрос”) [5]
Teacher: I thank you very much. I am sure everybody has learned something new today. Our literary party is over but I hope that my pupils have been interested in English literature and this meeting is not the last one. Good bye!
Список использованной литературы
- Антипина З.А. Урок , посвященный творчеству Шекспира. Журнал “Иностранные языки в школе. №5, 2002.
- Афанасьева О.В., Михеева И.В. Учебник “Английский язык” для 6го класса школ с углубленным изучением английского языка. М., “Просвещение”. 2001.
- Афанасьева О.В, Баранова К.М. Книга для чтения (к вышеуказанному учебнику). М., “Просвещение”, 2001.
- Павленков Ф. Жизнь замечательных людей. Том 13. Челябинск, “Урал LTD”, 1998.
- Томахин Г.Д. Культура стран английского языка. Журнал “Иностранные языки в школе. №4, 1993.
- Хрусталева Л.В., Богородицкая В.Н. Учебник английского языка для 9 класса школ с углубленным изучением английского языка. М., “Версия”, 2001.