Пословицы и поговорки занимают значительное место в словарном составе языка. Они являются одним из выразительных языковых средств. Это народные изречения, в которых отражен многовековой социально-исторический опыт народа, поэтому они построены на общенародной лексике и являются продуктом народного творчества, отражая народную мудрость и передаваясь из поколения в поколение.
Пословицы украшают речь, делают ее образной и эмоциональной. Они имеют устойчивую, лаконичную, ритмически организованную форму и поучительный смысл. Они широко употребляются в разговорном языке и литературе.
При изучении иностранного языка пословицы играют очень важную роль. Они обогащают словарный запас учащихся, расширяют их кругозор, тренируют учащихся в монологической и диалогической речи, учат следовать мудрым советам в жизни. Выучив пословицы, учащиеся с удовольствием употребляют их в речи.
Работая с пословицами, я использую коллективный способ обучения, так как этот способ предполагает работу в парах постоянного и сменного состава и работу в группах. При этом происходит самообучение и взаимообучение учащихся, и они имеют возможность проявить такие замечательные качества, как доброжелательность, взаимопомощь, дружеская поддержка, терпение, уважение мнения товарищей, активность и творческий подход к заданиям.
Чтобы организовать работу с пословицами более эффективной, я сгруппировала пословицы по наиболее изучаемым темам. Результатом моей работы стал сборник упражнений для работы с пословицами, которые можно применить к любому учебнику и в любом классе. Одинаково успешно его можно использовать как на уроках, так и на занятиях факультатива.
Я думаю, этот сборник поможет учителям английского языка построить свои уроки и факультативные занятия с большей эффективностью и сэкономить время на их подготовку.
В первую часть сборника вошли упражнения на лексические темы: My Flat; School and Knowledge; Weather and Seasons; Sport and Health; Friends and Friendship; Hobby and Leisure Time; Professions; Meals, а во вторую часть сборника вошли упражнения на грамматические темы: There is (are); Comparison of Adjectives; The Imperative Mood; Modal Verbs; Numerals; The Plural of Nouns; The Present Simple Tense; The Future Simple Tense; The Passive Voice.
В данной работе предлагаются упражнения, которые вошли в первую часть сборника.
1. My Flat (My House).
Task 1. Translate into Russian the following English proverbs.
| 1. An Englishman’s home is his castle. | 5. There’s no place like home. |
| 2. Every bird likes his own nest best. | 6. Charity begins at home. |
| 3. Dry bread at home is better than roast meat abroad. | 7. East or West, home is best. |
| 4. Everything has a skeleton in their cupboard. |
Task 2. Translate into English the following Russian proverbs.
| 1. Дома и стены помогают. | 4. Мой дом – моя крепость. |
| 2. У каждой избушки есть погремушки. | 5. Всяк кулик свое болото хвалит. |
| 3. Сухой хлеб дома лучше, чем жареное мясо за границей. | 6. В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. |
Task 3. Choose the correct missing word from the three possibilities.
| 1. An Englishman’s home is his …. | a) palace; | b) castle; | c) tower. |
| 2. Every … likes his own nest. | a) parrot; | b) swallow; | c) bird. |
| 3. Everyone has a skeleton in their … | a) cupboard; | b) fridge; | c) shelf. |
| 4. … begins at home. | a) kindness; | b) honesty | c) charity. |
Task 4. Match the two parts of proverbs.
| 1. Every bird likes | a) like home. |
| 2. An Englishman’s home is | b) better than roast meat abroad. |
| 3. East or West – home is best | c) his own nest best. |
| 4. There’s no place | d) at home. |
| 5. Dry bread at home is | e) his castle. |
| 6. Charity begins | f) in their cupboard. |
| 7. Everyone has a skeleton | g) home is best |
Task 5. Read the text and say which proverb gives the main idea of it.
The English are stay-at-home people. When they don’t work they like to spend their days off at home with their families. The open fire is something that the English are very much fond of it. English people like to live in small houses for one family with a small garden.
2. Weather. Seasons.
| Task 1. Translate into Russian the following Russian proverbs. | Task 2. Translate into Englishthe following English proverbs. |
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| Task 3. Make up proverbs from the words. | Task 4. Draw the picture illustrating the proverb “It rains cats and dogs”. |
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Task 5. Read the text and say which proverb makes the best ending to it. |
Last summer I went to the country. I went to visit my grandmother who lives in the village. I left my flat early in the morning, took a bus to the railway station and went by train to the country. Grandmother met me at the station and took me to the house. On the way Granny showed me the fields of wheat and the combine-harvesters working in the fields. It was very early and I asked my grandmother: “Why are they gathering wheat so early?” She answered: “………………………………………………………”
Task 6. Choose the correct missing word from the three possibilities.
| 1. … is good in it’s season. | a) nothing | b) everything | c) anything |
| 2. Make … while the sun shines. | a) hay | b) iron | c) wheat |
| 3. It rains … and dogs. | a) cows | b) cats | c) rats |
| 4. After rain comes … weather. | a) good | b)nice | c) fair |
| 5. After a … comes a calm. | a) wind | b)storm | c) rain |
Task 7. Finish the story using the proverb “Everything is good in its season.”
The old man was fond of tea, but he took it only at teatime...........
Task 8. Use the proverb “Everything is good in its season” in situation of your own. The expressions in brackets will help you. (To eat very much in the evening; to sleep badly).
Task 9. Read and use the proverbs instead of italicized words.
1. When the commander opened the letter that the Captain took from the old man on the platform and found in it only two clean pieces of paper he decided to act at once. He gave orders to arrest the man.
2. “Why are you wearing a coat and a warm dress? Why don’t you put on a light dress if you want to wear a coat?” It’s not autumn yet.
3. School. Knowledge.
Task 1. Match the English and the Russian variants.
| 1. Live and learn. | а) Уча других, люди учатся. |
| 2. It’s never too late to learn. | b) Ученье-свет, а неученье-тьма. |
| 3. Men learn while they teach. | c) Век живи – век учись. |
| 4. Learning is the eye of the mind. | d) В знании – сила. |
| 5. Knowledge is power. | e) Учиться никогда не поздно. |
Task 2. Find the ending of each proverb.
| 1. Knowledge is | a) while they teach. |
| 2. It’s never too | b) the eye of the mind. |
| 3. Live and | c) power. |
| 4. Learning is | d) late to learn. |
| 5. Men learn | e) learn. |
Task 3. Say which of the proverbs following the story makes the best ending to it.
The Professor Could Not Answer It.
Old Mr.Brompton is a very clever man. Yet the other day he could not answer his granddaughter’s question. “Grandpa,” she said, “I saw something so funny running across the kitchen floor without any legs. What do you think it was?” Grandpa thought and thought, but at last he had to give up. “What was it?” he asked. “Water”, replied the little girl triumphantly.
- Live and learn.
- While there is life there is hope
- Men learn while they teach.
Task 4. Use the proverbs in situations of your own.
4. Sport and Health.
Task 1. Translate into Russian the following English proverbs.
- It is not whether you win or lose that matters, it is how you play the game.
- A sound mind in a sound body.
- Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
- Health is better than wealth.
- Wealth is nothing without health.
- An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Task 2. Draw the pictures illustrating one of the proverbs.
Task 3. Match the two parts of the proverbs.
| 1. A sound mind | a) makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. |
| 2. Wealth is nothing | b) it’s how you play the game. |
| 3. Early to bed and early to rise | c) in a sound body. |
| 4. It’s not whether you win or lose that matters | d) than wealth. |
| 5. Health is better | e) without health. |
Task 4. Read the dialogue and choose which proverb is missing.
Mother: Why are you so late for dinner, Tim? School was over long ago.
Tim: We stayed to play basketball after school. It was such fun.
Mother: Was it? Did you play outside?
Tim: Yes, of course. It is warm today.
Mother: What kind of basketball player are you? Are you good at it?
Tim: Not very. I can’t throw the ball into the basket every time. It’s a pity, of course. Mother: ……… That takes a lot of practice. The more you play, the better you practice.
5. Friendship. Friends.
Task 1. Translate into Russian the following English proverbs.
| 1. A friend in need is a friend indeed. | 4. Short visits make long friends. |
| 2. A man is known by the company he keeps. | 5. The way to have a friend is to be one. |
| 3. The friends you choose help you win or lose. |
Task 2. Translate into English the following Russian proverbs.
- Друзья, которых вы выбираете, помогают вам и в радости, и в горе.
- Друзья познаются в беде.
- Чтобы иметь друга, надо быть им.
- Скажи мне, кто твой друг, и я скажу, кто ты.
- Редкие встречи укрепляют дружбу.
Task 3. Make up two proverbs from the words:
Friends, is, choose, the, win, you, company, man, lose, a, known, you, or, by, keeps, help, the, he.
Task 4. Say which proverb gives the main idea of the text.
Mike and Nick were schoolboys. They lived in the country. The boys went to school together and they liked to play and do other things together.
One day Mike came to Nick’s house and said, “Nick, you have so many good books. I see there is an interesting book in your library. Can you give me this book to read? I’ll bring it back next week.”
Nick did not want to give books to other people, and he said, “Why do you want to take my book home? You can read it here, in my house. I want you to come again and read here.”
Mike saw what kind of friend he had, but he did not say anything. He wanted to teach him a lesson.
The next day Nick came to Mike and said, “Mike, you have a good garden knife. I want to work in my garden tomorrow. Can you give it to me for two days?” Mike answered, “Why do you want to take my knife home? You can work with it in my garden.”
Task 5. Make up your own story using one of the proverbs.
6. Hobby. Leisure.
| Task 1. Translate the proverbs into Russian. | Task 2. Translate the proverbs into English. |
| 1. Tastes differ. | 1. Делу время, потехе час. |
| 2. The busiest men find the most leisure. | 2. На вкус и цвет товарища нет. |
| 3. So many people, so many hobbies. | 3. Сколько людей, столько и пристрастий. |
| 4. Every man has his hobby-horse. | 4. Самый занятый находит больше всего досуга |
| 5. Business before pleasure. | 5. У всякого свой конек. |
Task 3. Match two parts of the proverbs.
| 1. The busiest men find | a) his hobby-horse. |
| 2. Every man has | b) so many hobbies |
| 3. Tastes | c) before pleasure. |
| 4. So many people, | d) differ. |
| 5. Business | e) the most leisure. |
Task 4. Use the proverbs in a situation of your own. The expressions in will help you.
“Business before pleasure” (to go to the skating-rink; to do homework).
“Tastes differ” (to see a film; to enjoy it very much; not to like the film at all).
Task 5. Say which proverb gives the main idea of the text.
Two friends, Ann and Kate, have made up their minds to go to the theatre, but first they must do their homework. Ann does not want to do it. She says they can do it the next morning before school. Kate says she is not right. Ann agrees and the girls do their homework.
7. Professions
Task 1. Match the English and the Russian variants of proverbs.
| 1. As is the workman, so is the work. | a) У плохого мастера плохая пила. |
| 2. Jack of all trades and master of none. | b) Работать спустя рукава. |
| 3. To work with the left hand. | c) Каков работник, такова и работа. |
| 4. A bad workman always blames his tools. | d) За все берется, да не все удается. |
| 5. A bad workman quarrels with his tools. | e) Дело мастера боится. |
Task 2. Find the ending of the proverbs.
| 1. A bad workman always | a) and master of none. |
| 2. As is the workman, | b) the left hand. |
| 3. To work with | c) blames his tool. |
| 4. A bad workman | d) so is the work. |
| 5. Jack of all trades | e) quarrels with his tools. |
Task 3. Choose the missing word.
| 1. A bad workman always ... his tools. | a) praises | b) blames | c) speaks of |
| 2. To work with the ... hand. | a) left | b) right | c) both |
| 3. Jack of all ... and master of none. | a) works | b) trades | c) professions |
| 4. As is the workman ... is the work. | a) as | b) than | c) so |
| 5. A bad workman quarrels with his ... | a) work | b) tools | c) instruments. |
Task 4. Read the dialogue and use the proverb instead of the italicized words.
- Mary: Where are you going, Harry?
- Harry: To the football match, of course. Our team will play against the 8B team. I’m sure we’ll win.
- Mary: But when will you do your homework? You never have time to do that well.
- Harry: I am a member of three clubs; I play the main role in the performance in the drama club.
- Mary: When a man tries to do many things, he does them all badly.
Task 5. Make up your own dialogue or a story using one of the proverbs.
Jack of all trades and master of none ( to try; to do homework; to draw pictures for a wall newspaper; to take pictures; to take care of the flowers; not to be able).
8. Meals (Food)
Task 1. Find the correct translation of the proverbs.
| 1. Hunger is the best sauce. | a) Ешь вволю, а пей в меру. |
| 2. Appetite comes with eating. | b) Голодный как волк. |
| 3. You cannot eat your cake and have it. | c) Голод – лучший повар. |
| 4. Eat at pleasure, drink at measure. | d) Oдин пирог 2 раза не съешь. |
| 5. As hungry as a hawk. | e) Аппетит приходит во время еды. |
Task 2. Match two parts of the proverbs.
| 1. Eat at pleasure, ... at measure. | a) live | b) drink | c) sleep |
| 2. Hunger is the best ... . | a) cup | b) sauce | c) plate |
| 3. Appetite comes ... eating. | a) with | b) before | c) while |
| 4. As hungry as a ... . | a) wolf | b) hawk | c) dog. |
| 5. You cannot eat your ... and have it. | a) cake | b) bread | c) meal |
Task 3. Finish the sentences using the proverbs.
1. Oliver Twist and his little friends ate everything they were given because you know that...............
2. When I refuse to eat my mother always says to me: .............................
Task 4. Use the proverb in dialogues or situations. The words in brackets will help you.
Hunger is the best sauce (hungry; to be fond of sweets; not to like soup; to have some more).
Task 5. Answer the following questions using the proverbs.
1. Why do people who are really hungry never find fault with the food they are given?
2. What does your mother usually say to you when you tell her you don’t want dinner?
Task 6. Read the dialogue and say what proverb is missed.
Olga: What have we got for dinner today, Mother?
Mother: Fish soup, cutlets and mashed potatoes, then coffee and sweets.
Olga: I’d like only coffee and sweets. I don’t want fish soup, I am not hungry today.
Mother: I know that you are very fond of sweets, but you must eat some soup and a cutlet.
You are tried and you only think you are not hungry.
Olga: (eating): You are right, Mother. I am hungry now. May I have some more soup? ................