Pl-l. In England Easter doesn't fall on the same date every year, but rather on any Sunday from March 22nd to April 25th , as it is celebrated on the first Sunday after the full moon in March. Its celebration is a series of special days dedicated to the commemoration of the death and resurrection of special days of Jesus Christ.
Pl-2. В Англии Пасха не выпадает на одну и ту же дату, а скорее на любое воскресенье с 22 марта по 25 Апреля, так как она празднуется в первое воскресенье после полнолуния в марте. Празднование Пасхи — ряд специальных дней, посвященных ознаменованию смерти и воскрешению Иисуса Христа.
Pl-1. The week before Easter is called Holy week and it begins with Palm Sunday. On Holy Thursday Christians celebrate the Last Supper-Jesus' last meal with his apostles. Good Friday refers to the day Jesus was crucified and the following Sunday, Easter Sunday, celebrates his resurrection. Holy Thursday is also called Maundy Thursday in Great Britain and during the Maundy ceremonies the Royal Family give special coins to people as a token of charity.
Pl-2. Неделя перед пасхой называется Страстной неделей и начинается с пальмового воскресенья. В страстной четверг христиане празднуют последний ужин -последняя пища Иисуса с его апостолами. Великая пятница относится ко дню в который был замучен Иисус и следующее воскресенье, воскресенье Пасхи празднуют его воскрешение. Святой четверг также называется Мони-четверг. В Великобритании, в течение Монди церемонии Королевская семья дает специальные монеты людям как символ милосердия.
Pl-1. The name Easter seems to come from Eostre, the pagan goddess of spring worshipped
in Northern Europe long before the advent of Christianity. All fires were extinguished in
her honor and relit from a special sacred fire.
The Christians continued this tradition, extinguishing them from their churches and
relighting them from their Paschal candles.
Pl-2. Название "Easter", кажется, пришло от
"Eostre" - имени языческой богини весны,
которой поклонялись в Северной Европе намного
раньше появления христианства. Все огни были
погашены в ее честь и вновь заженны от
специального священного огня. Христиане
продолжили эту традицию, гася их в своих церквях
и повторно зажигания от пасхальных свечей.
Pl-1. The British tradition of Easter baskets also dates back to ancient times, when
people
offered their eggs in grass nests to Eostre. Today's Easter baskets are filled with eggs
and sweets and decorated with ribbons, flowers and straw.
Pl-2. Британская традиция Пасхальных корзин
также относится к древним временам, когда люди
предлагали яйца в гнездах из травы Богине весны
Eostre. Сегодня Пасхальные корзины наполнены яйцами
и конфетами, украшены лентами, цветами и
соломкой.
- The custom of giving and receiving eggs at Easter is very common as
the
Egg is a symbol of new life and Easter time of the resurrection of life.
Indeed many ancient cultures believed that the world began with a single egg.
- Традиция предоставления и получения
яиц в пасху очень обычна, так как яйцо -
символ новой жизни и Пасха - время восстановления
жизни. Действительно, многие
древние культуры полагали, что мир начался с
одного единственного яйца.
-The decoration of Easter eggs began in England during the Middle Ages when members of
noble families gave one another gold-covered eggs as Easter presents. The custom soon
became very popular but instead of precious eggs
people began to give ordinary hard-boiled eggs which had been painted or dyed. Even today
in Britain people decorate Easter eggs and very often hang them with ribbons or strings on
beautiful egg trees.
- Разукрашивание Пасхальных яиц началось в
Англии в средние века, когда члены знатных семей
дарили друг другу позолоченные яйца на Пасху.
Этот обычай вскоре стал очень популярным, но
вместо драгоцен-ных яиц люди начали дарить
обычные в крутую сваренные яйца, расписанные или
разукрашенные. Даже сегодня в Британии люди
украшают пасхальные яйца, очень часто вешают их
на ленточках или ниточках на красивых яичных
деревьях.
- "Egg rolling" is an old Easter game, traditionally played on Easter
Monday. Children roll eggs down a grassy slope and the first egg to reach the bottom
without breaking is the winner. If the eggs reach the bottom without breaking it is said
to bring good luck. A famous egg-rolling contest takes place on the lawns of the White
House in Washington DC, every Easter Monday.
- "Вращение яиц " - это старая пасхальная игра, в которую традиционно играли в Пасхальный понедельник. Дети пускают яйца вниз по косогору, первое яйцо, достигающее цели без разбивания, является победителем. Это означало, что яйцо принесет удачу. Знаменитое соревнование проходит на лужайках Белого Дома в Вашингтоне каждый Пасхальный понедельник.
Easter Hare or Easter Bunny
-The tradition of the Easter Hare, or Easter Bunny comes from a Northern European legend.
Long ago in a small village the mothers had no money to buy their children presents for
Easter. They painted eggs with lots of beautiful pictures and hid them in the forest near
the village. When the children went to play in the forest on Easter Sunday they saw the
eggs but they didn't know where they came from. Suddenly a hare ran out from behind a pile
of eggs and the children started shouting: " They are hare's eggs!".
- Традиция Пасхального Зайца или Пасхального Кролика исходит из северо-европейской легенды. Легенда гласит:
"Давно в маленькой деревне у матерей не было денег купить своим детям подарки на Пасху. Они раскрасили яйца множеством красивых картинок и спрятали в лесу возле деревни. Когда дети пойти играть в лес в Пасхальное воскресенье, они увидели яйца, но они не знали откуда эти яйца. Вдруг выскочил заяц из-за кучи яиц и дети начали кричать: "Это яйца зайца!".
- Typical British Easter cakes are hot cross buns, small round sweet cakes with a cross on top in memory of Christ's death, originally eaten on Good Friday, and hare - shaped biscuits.
- Типичными Британскими пасхальными кексами
являются горячие крещеные булочки, маленькие,
кругленькие, сладкие кексы с крестом на верхушке
в память о смерти Христа, а также печенье в форме
зайца, обычно их едят в хорошую пятницу.
Songs and Rhymes
Nursery rhymes make up an important part of the literary world of British chil-dren.
They enjoy learning them by heart because they are easy to remember and follow a rhyming
pattern. The rhymes can be dramatized by the children
and used in school plays.
(Детские рифмы составляют важную часть
литературного мира детей Британии. Ребята
получают удовольствие выучивая их наизусть,
потому что они легко запоминаются и следуют
рифмованному образцу. Рифмовки могут быть
инсценированы детьми и использованы в школьных
пьесах.)
Mary had a little lamb
Mary had a little lamb.
Its fleece was while as snow;
And everywhere that Mary went
The lamb was sure to go
It followed her to school one day,
That was against the rule:
It made the children laugh and play
To see a lamb at school.
Mrs. Hen
Chook, chook, chook-chook-chook!
Good morning, Mrs. Hen!
How many chickens have you got?
Madam, I 've got ten.
Four of them are yellow,
And four of them are brown,
And two of them are speckled red,
The nicest in the town.
Little Bo-peep
Teach your students to clap their hands at the underlined words while telling the rhyme. This will help them find the right rhythm and will add movement to the activity.
(Учите cвoux учеников хлопать в подчеркнутых словах при сообщении рифмы. Это поможет им найти правильный ритм и добавит движение к деятельности.)
Little Bo-peep has lost her sheep.
And doesn 't know where to find them;
Leave them alone, and they'll come home.
Wagging their tails behind them.
Hot cross buns!
Hot cross buns!
Hot cross buns!
One-a- penny,
Two-a-penny,
Hot cross buns!
If you have no daughters,
Give them to your sons,
One - a - penny,
Two -a-penny,
Hot cross buns!
Easter Poems
Easter Bunnies
Five little Easter bunnies sitting in a row
First one said, "See my ears go flop, flop, flop."
Second one said, "Just watch me hop, hop, hop."
Third one said, "See my Easter eggs so bright."
Fourth one said, "Ready to bring you on Easter night."
Fifth one said, as he nodded his head,
"We will come if you are in bed."
So five little bunnies quick as can be,
Hopped back to their hollow by the big oak tree.
Rabbits
A family of rabbits lived under a tree. (Close hand & hide under tree which is other arm)
A father & a mother & babies three. (Hold up thumb, then one finger, then the rest.) Sometimes the bunnies would sleep all day. (Close right hand.) But when night time came, they liked to play. (Hold up three fingers.)
Egg Hunt
Have you looked in the cupboard?
Have you looked in the drawer?
Have you looked in the window?
Let's hunt some more.
Peek in the closet, peek under the bed.
Peek in your slipper,
You know what he said.
"I 've colored my eggs
With paints & brush
And ГII hide them on Easter
In your house. Hush! Hush!"
Bunnies
Bunnies are brown, bunnies are white. Bunnies are always an Easter delight. Bunnies have ears all pinkish inside. Bunnies all like to hop & to hide. Bunnies are cuddly, the large & the small, But I like the chocolate ones best of all!
Playing with the language
Easter Egg Macaroni Hunt
The game forages: 9–11
A Treasure Hunt in its simplest & easiest form, implies fun, movement, language
practice, communication & creativity. From a language point of view a lot of
vocabulary work, use of prepositions and simple commands are required.
(Игра - Поиск Сокровищ в его самой простой форме,
подразумевает забаву, движение, практику языка,
общение и творческий потенциал. С точки зрения
языка, тре-буется много словарной работы,
использование предлогов и простых команд)
You need: large macaroni (or tube of cupboard), pieces of paper, chocolate eggs as prizes.
- Divide the class into two teams & prepare a separate hunt for each group.
- Prepare the instruction in advance hide them inside the pieces of macaroni. This will
make the game more complicated & allow the pupils to use their manual ability.
- Whisper the first instruction relative to their individual hunts to the first child in
each
team.
When the children find the macaroni with the text instruction they show it to the teacher
& then carry out the activity proposed. They then whisper the instruction for finding
the following macaroni to the next child in their team.
- The hunt continues until all the macaroni have been found.
- Distribute the eggs at the end.
Вам необходимы: макароны (трубочки), бумага,
шоколадные яйца в качестве приза.
- Разделите класс на две команды и подготовьте
отдельную охоту каждой группе.
- Заранее приготовьте инструкции, запрячьте их во
внутрь макарон (трубочек).
Это усложнит игру и позволит ученикам
использовать свои физические способности.
- Произнесите шепотом первую инструкцию
относительно их индивидуальной охоты
первому ребенку в их команде.
- Когда дети находят макароны со следующей
инструкцией, они показывают ее
учителю и затем выполняют задание. Они шепотом
передают инструкцию по обнаружению следующей макаронины участнику своей
команды.
Охота продолжается пока все макароны не
обнаружатся.
- Распределить яйца в конце.
Here some examples (instructions):
Sing "Hot cross buns!". Look behind the board.
Show the Easter bunny. Look inside the drawer on the teacher's desk.
What is Little Bo-peep looking for? Look among the teacher's books.
Sing "Mary had a little lamb ". Look under the pencil case.
Count from 1 to 15 & from 15 to 1. Look on the third desk on the left.
Say the months of the year. Look next to the window.
Easy Easter Games
Hatch An Egg
Fill several plastic eggs with a word that is a part of a sentence. The first player "hatches " an egg, reads the word & writes it on the board. The next player chooses an egg & writes the word in somewhere before or after the word already on (he blackboard. When all the eggs have been hatched, the team that has arranged the words in a logical sentence scores a point. o Adjust the number of eggs and difficulty of the words to the children's ability level. Заполните несколько пластиковых яиц словом, которое является частью предложения. Первый игрок штрихует яйцо, читает слово, пишет его на доске. Следующий выбирает яйцо пишет слово где-нибудь перед или после слова которое на доске. Когда все яйца заштрихуются, команда выстраивает слова в логической последовательности. Регулируйте количество яиц и трудность слов в зависимости от уровня способностей учащихся.
Hop like a bunny
Head outdoors for this game. One child is the caller. The remaining players are behind a line. The caller calls out an animal walk:
Hop like a bunny!
Slither like a snake
Leap like a frog
Run like a fox
Walk like an ape
Crawl like a snail
Fly like a bird
Scamper like a squirrel
Trot like a horse
Jump like a kangaroo
Walk like an elephant
As each new animal is called, the players simulate the movements. The object is to be the first to get from the starting line to a finish point. Or play the game noncompetitively & sim-ply simulate the movements with each call:
Easter Quickies
Basket Pass
Here's an indoor relay game. Teams are seated in a row. The first player on the team
has a basket. Everyone needs pencil & paper.
All first teams are asked for a response that can range in difficulty depending on the age
of the players. Younger players might be asked to draw a red circle.
Older players might be asked to write two synonyms for "happy". Immediately
after the question is asked, players write their responses. The first player puts his
answer in the basket & passes it to the player, who does the same. Teams score a point
for every correct response. The team to finish first scores an additional two points. The
team with the most points at the end of game is the winner.
Golden Egg Hunt
One team hides 10 plastic (or paper) eggs. One of the eggs is painted gold. A second team has 30 seconds to hunt for the eggs. A point is scored for every egg found in the 30-second time limit. Three additional points are scored for the golden egg. The team that hid the eggs relatives those not found & the other team hides them.
Hatch Match
Cut 10 egg shapes from different patterns of wallpaper. Draw a zigzag line across each
egg and cut along the lines.
To play, scramble the pieces and match the halves.
Traditional games & pastimes
Skipping Games
Skipping is carried out in many places on Good Friday & perhaps this was a good way of keeping warm on cold spring days. Spring is traditionally the time when children get out their skipping ropes, but this activity which was once enjoyed by everybody. It is a very old activity which was supposed to have the magical power to make the seeds grow in the spring & in Brighton the local name for good Friday was "Long Rope Day". Today only a few peo-ple gather to skip at the sea front, but good Friday skipping still exists at Alciston in Sussex outside the Rose Cottage Inn, where sometimes as many as 200 skippers meet.
Marbles
Marbles is a game which was played especially in the north of England, & also in
Surrey & Sussex. The 'marble season' began on Ash Wednesday & finished on Good
Friday. This last day was once known as Marble Day in the southern counties of England. At
Tinsley Green near Crawley in Sussex, a championship match is still held on Good Friday
& the custom is thought to have started when two men wanted to marry the same girl. In
order to determine who should, they both agreed to play a game of marbles.
No one knows whether either of them married the girl, but the two men met year after year
& invited others to join in. Now the contest has grown & people travel from many
countries to take part in the World Marbles Championship.
Pancakes
Pancake races are held in many parts of Britain; the most famous of these is at Olney
in Buckinghamshire.
These races are thought to have started when the church house wife who was cooking
pancakes heard the church bells ring. Thinking she was late for the service she ran
off& arrived at the church still holding the pan in her hand.. Now each Shrove
Tuesday, housewives who live in the area race from the Market Square to the Parish Church.
They have to toss the pancakes three times &- are allowed if they drop them. The
winner receives a kiss & a prayer book from the vicar who says to her, 'The peace of
the Lord be always with you The verger or bell-ringer gets two rewards: a kiss from the
winner & her pancake. Later all the frying pans are taken into the church, & the
ladies take part in a short service. About 30 years ago people of the town of Liberal in
Kansas, USA, began to take an interest in the Olney race, & now they too hold a
pancake race, competing for the best time to cover the distance.
Many other customs are still practiced today. At Westminster School in London, they have
the Pancake Race every year. Originally the school cook had to toss a pancake over a long
iron curtain pole which divided the older boys from the younger boys in the Great
School-room. When he did so, all the boys rushed forward to see who could get the pancake.
They winner received a guinea from the Dean. Now only one boy from each form competes. Two
minutes after the pancake is tossed over the bar 'Time' is called, & the winner is the
boy who has managed to hang to the largest piece of pancake.
Ball games
Other games played during Easter include ''nur & spell", "ninepins"
&
"tipcat". A knur is a small, hard, pot-ball & a spell is a machine with
sends the ball into the air.
The object is to hit the knur as far as possible with a wooden stick as it flies
upwards. Tipcat is a similar game played with a shaped piece of wood
called a "cat", & once again the object is to send "cat" as far as
possible by hitting it with a wooden stick called a catstaff.
Easter Monday is still called 'Ball Monday' in some parts of Oxfordshire, because of the
games such as bowls, stoolball, football & handball, played on this day. Ball - games
&
"scrambles" to back to pagan times, but no one seems to know why.
Bottle kicking
At Hallaton in Leicestershire there is the traditional Hare Pie Scramble & Bottle
Kicking. A hare pie is taken to the church gate in procession from the "Royal
Oak", and on Hare Pie Bank the crowd scramble for pieces pf pie which are 'thrown
" by the rector. Later on the Bottle Kicking match starts between Hallaton and
Medbourne. The prize is a barrel of ale. Although it is called the Bottle Kicking Contest
no bottles are used.
There are three barrels in the contest, two full of ale and one empty. One of the full
barrels is placed on the top of Hare Pie Bank & that is where the match starts: the
two teams have to get the barrels over the opposite touchlines. The Hallaton touchline
wins the brook on one.
Spinning tops.
Spinning tops were very popular on Good Friday and They have a long history that goes back
to Ancient Greeks and Romans. 'The season was from Shrove Tuesday to Good Friday, and
children used to play with them during Lent when they would cry:
Tops are in 'spin'em agin,
Tops are out, 'smuggin' about.
Smuggin ' means that the tops could justifiably be taken if they were played with out of
sea-son. All toys which were played with out of season. All toys which were made to spin
on a point or a peg were called tops & there are a lot of different kinds: whipping,
peg, & hum-ming are just a few. The whipping top was the most popular, & in
ancient times a dried eel skin was used as a whip, thong or lash.
The lash is wound around the top & is then pulled quickly away. The top is kept
spinning by whipping it at intervals. A well-spun top hums and may even stay still in on
spot just as if it had gone to sleep, & this is said to be the origin of the saying
"to sleep like a top ".
Water games
Water was also apart of some games at Easter & Easter Monday was sometimes known as
"Ducking Monday" in parts of Eastern Europe. Young men & girls would splash
each other with water. In Hungary unmarried girls would be taken at daybreak to the local
pond or stream, & thrown in by the young men.
This was supposed to make them good wives in the future. Where there was no pond or stream
the girls would be drenched with buckets of water, & they were even ex-pected to pay
for this privilege with gifts of painted eggs or glasses of brandy! It seems they did this
willingly, since to be left out implies a lack of popularity & the ducking or
splashing is therefore regarded as a real complement.
Easter Recipes
From Pancake Day to Haster Monday, the Easter period has numerous traditional recipes
for children to try.
As Lent was introduced as a time of fasting, pancakes, coquille buns (in Norwich) baldock
doughnuts (in Hertfordshire), were made on Shrove Tuesday to use up the flour & eggs.
Pancakes are still made in many countries, while in Italy, pretzels are eaten instead. On
the fourth Sunday in Lent (Mothering Sunday), simnel cakes are baked &, at one time, a
sweet porridge called frumenty was made. On Palm Sunday, figpies were a traditional midday
meal, and hot cross buns are still eaten in most homes on Good Friday. Children also enjoy
baking Easter biscuits cut to any shape they like, such as rabbits, chick-ens, eggs, &
so on.
In Italy, Easter dove cakes are made. These are shaped like a dove after the legend about
a king who wanted to capture a city but his horse refused to gallop into battle until a
girl of-fered him a cake shaped like a dove. This reminded the king of the dove of peace,
and so he changed his mind & decided not to conquer the city.
The last three recipes are from Norway &from the Jewish Passover festival. Norwegian
chicken bun are baked at Easter, while Jews celebrate the Passover with a ceremonial meal
called the Seder, which includes a dish called Charoseth & coconuts pyramids.
Pancakes
What you need. (for 12 pancakes) 100 g plain flour, 2 eggs, 300ml milk,
A pinch of salt, 1 tbsp oil, I tbsp white vegetable fat.
What to do. Sieve the salt & flour into a basin & make a small well in the
middle. Crack the eggs into the hollow. Slowly add half the milk & mix with a wooden
spoon to get rid of the lumps. Keep mixing until it is quite smooth, & then add the
rest of the milk. Just before the pancakes are to be cooked stir in the oil. Melt just
enough fat to grease the pan until it is very hot, then put in about two tablespoons of
the mixture all over the bottom of the pan. Cook at a medium heat until the underside is
brown. Check this by gently lifting the mixture, then turn over. If you toss it make sure
you can catch in it the pan.
Keep the cooked pancakes warm, by putting them between two plates over a pan of simmer-ing
water. Serve them with lemon juice, sugar, honey or maple syrup. Alternatively you can
make savoury fillings & roll the pancakes around them.
Coquille buns
What you need. 450g self-raising flout*, 50g lard, 50g margarine, 100 g sugar, 2 tsps mixed spice, 2 tbsps mixed dried fruit, 1 egg, a small amount of milk.
What to do. Rub the lard, margarine & the flour together using your fingers.
Mix in the sugar, spice & fruit. Bret egg & add this with a little milk to the
mixture to make a soft dough.
Roll out the mixture to a thickness of 5 cm on a floured board & cut it into squares.
If you wish to be really authentic, cut them in the shape of a scallop shell. Bake them in
a moderate oven (190 C/ gas mark 5) for about 20 minutes or until golden brown. Serve them
split & buttered.
Easter bonnets and masks
On the afternoon of Easter Day, springtime is celebrated & people traditionally
wear new clothes to mark the change of the seasons. In Victorian times, people would
stroll up & down the roads to see & be seen. Sometimes Easter parades are held on
Easter bonnet. Here are a few ideas for children to make their own Easter bonnets. Perhaps
you could hold a competition of your own.
Many countries have carnivals & processions on Easter Day & throughout Holy Week.
Exotic masks lend themselves to a carnival atmosphere. A basic mask shape can be decorated
with seeds or pasta & sprayed with gold paint. The decoration can be anything which
will make a mask colorful & interesting.
Easter top hat
What you need. Card, tape, glue, scissors.
What to do. Make the card into a cylinder to fit your head. Fix the side and cut
flaps at the top and bottom -these should be about 5 cm deep. To make a brim, cut a hole
using the cylinder as a template to get the correct size. Cut a top for the hat, again use
the cylinder as a template and fix the top on with glue.
The brim may be decorated with flowers or feathers, or curls of colored paper and
Cello-phane.
Headbands
What you need. Stong card, glue, paper for cut-outs, felt-tipped pens, beads or
buttons for decoration.
What to do. Cut the headband to fit the child's head and decorate with felt-tipped
pens, crayons, painted cut-outs or buttons ect.
Simple band with streamers
What you need. Card, tissue, glue, scissors.
What to do. Cut a strip of card to fit over the top of the head and make some
simple tissue-paper flowers to stick on. Cut some strips of tissue-paper to hang down on
either side of the head. A strip of card can be attached at the back to keep the headband
in place.
Rabbit mask
What you need. Card, paints, felt-tipped pens, strips-of wool, gummed paper,
stapler or glue.
What to do. Cut out from the card the two main shapes for the face as shown in the
diagram.
Fold a sheet of a card in two, draw the ears and cut them out.
Chicken mask
What you need. Card, paints, felt-tipped pens, strips of wool, stapler or glue.
What to do. The mask is made in the same way as the rabbit mask, just the two
component parts are different. Cut & overlap the lower part which makes the beak,
& attach it to the upper part with staples. Cut the eyes from gummed paper or color
with paints or felt-tipped pens. Finally fold the lower part of the beak.