Урок английского языка по теме "Modal verbs: giving advice with must, have to, should, ought to"

Your attitude and thoughts must be
 constantly changing for the better.

He who loves not his country
can love nothing
Byron (1788-1824)

            Цели урока:

1. Образовательные:
• понятие о модальных глаголах;
• характерные особенности модальных глаголов: must, have to, should, ought to, to be to;
• грамматические формы модальных глаголов.
2. Развивающие:
• умение правильно различать модальные глаголы must, have to, should, ought to, to be to.
3. Воспитывающие:
• формирование умений выполнять индивидуальные и коллективные задания на английском языке по автоматизации речевых упражнений. 

Ход урока.

1. Организация класса. Сообщение целей, задач и плана работы на уроке.
2. Обучение грамматической стороне речи.

MUST

I. Работа с таблицами.

Affirmative		Interrogative			Negative
I He She We You They	must go to school now.	Must	I he she we you they	Go to school now?	I He She We You They	must not go to school now.

Must has only one form: must.

Present		Past	Future
I He She We You They	must go home.

Note: The missing tenses are supplied by the past and the future tense of to have to.
E.g. I had to go home. (Past) I shall have to go home. (Future)

Must expresses duty, obligation:
Read and memorize!

Pupils must obey their teachers. Pupils must work at their handwritillg. Pupils must practise their pronunciation еvеrу day.

Must + not expresses prohibition:
Read and memorize!

Pupils must not change places at the lessons. Pupils must not prоmpt each other. Pupils must not talk at the lesson.

If the absence of necessity is to be expressed, need not is used.
Read and memoriz!

You needn,t speak in a whisper. I am awake. You needn't decide at оnсе how to act. Yоu mау give meаn answer tomorrow. You needn't remember all the names by heart. You may have a look at the list.

The verbs to be to and to have to have the same meaning as must.
To be + infinitive:
Read and memoriz!

Helen is to meet jane at the station. They are to go to the country. They are to visit a museum. They are to examine the pictures there. They are to paint some pictures there.

Note: The verb to be to is used when some thing is planned or thought of as unavoidable.
To have + infinitive:
Read and memoriz!

Ann  has to stay  at home in the afternoon. Ann has to cook dinner as her mоthеr left. Ann has to buy bread and milk. Ann has to рееl potatoes for the second course. Ann has to fry sоmе cut1ets. Ann has to bake аn apple-pie for tea.

Note: The verb to have to expresses an obligation or necessity arising out of circumstances.
Must expresses supposition (in affirmative sentences).

1. must + infinitive:

 Read and memoriz!

Dick must be at home now. I advise you to ring him up. Dick must still be reading the book. Не will not give it to you, I am afraid. Dick must be ready for the party. Call him, please. Dick's sister must be sleeping now. She didn't sleep at night. Dick's sister must be tired. She passed her exams ahead of time.

Note: must + infinitive refers the action to the present. In this case it is rendered in Russian as должно быть, вероятно.

1. must + Perfect Infinitive:

 Read and memoriz!

Jack must have torn his coat. He is looking for a needleand thread. Jack must have broken the tap. The cold tap is leaking again. Jack must have broken the telephone. It is out of order.

Note: The Perfect Infinitive refers the action to the past.

II. Обучение говорению (DRILLS).

1) Read and memorize the following.

What must Jack do in the morning?

1. Jack must get up early in the morning.
2. Jack must wash himself.
3. Jack must сlеаn his teeth.
4. Jack must make his bed.
5. Jack must have his breakfast at 7.30.
6. Jack must go to school.

What did Nick have to do on Sunday?

1.  Nick had to do а lot of work оn Sunday.
2. Nick had to visit а friend of his.
3. Nick had to take the bus to the country.
4. Nick had to write а letter to his elder brother.
5. Nick had to exchange his book at the library.
   (Make up similar sentences.)

What must every pupil remember

1. Не must work systematically.
2. Не must оbеу his parents.
3. Не must be attentive at the lessons.
4. Не must help his fгiеnds.
5. Не must help his family.
6. Не must be polite to everybody.

What must you not do?

1. You must not smoke.
2. You must not lie.
3. You must not hurt your friends.
4. You must not hurt your animals.
5. You must not cross the street under the red light.

What needn,t Ann do?

1. Ann lives not far from school. She needn.t take a bus.
2. Ann has а good eyesight. She needn.t wear spectacles.
3. Ann has a good memory. She needn.t read the text twice.
4. Ann wakes in the morning without an alarm-clock. She needn.t wind it in the evening.
5. It is Sunday. She needn.t get up early.

2) Answer the questions, using ihe wоrds in brackets.

1. What must you do at home?
(to do lessons, to hel your mother, to keep the books in order, to go to bed in time, to get up at seven
o'clock, to do morning exercises)
2. What needn't pupils do on holidays?
(to go to school, to do lessons, to get up early)

SHOUD, OUGHT

The difference between should and ought is very slight. Both verbs exprеss obligation, duty, advice. Ought is more often used to express moral obligation.
Should expresses recommendation, advice.

Read and memoriz!

You should mend your coat. It is torn. You should put on your white shirt. You look сharming in it. You should put оn warm socks. It is rather cold. You shouldn't keep your hands in your pockets. It is not polite. Yoy shouldn't polish youг shoes in the room. Do it in the corridor.

Ought expresses moral obligatrion.duty.
Read and memoriz!

Children ought lo рreраre their lessons in time. Children ought to help the раrents about the house. Children ought to keep their room in order. Children ought to оbey their parents. Children ought to go to bed in time.

Note: Ought is always folowed by to and has only one form.

Should + Perfect Infinitiv  expressеs аn unfulfilled action considered desirable.
Read and memoriz!

You should have informed Dick about youг plans for summer. (Now he has gone.) You should have given hin your guide. (Не will need it badly.) You should have told him to bring you some rare stones. (Your collection of st not very rich.) You should have asked him to visit your relatives. (He'll pass their village.)

Ought + Perfect Infinitive exprеssеs аn unfulfilled асtion considered dеsirable,obligatory:
Read and memoriz!

Lizzie ought to have returned me the book. I need it badly. Lizzie ought to have read the book 1ong ago. It is а shame she hasn't read it. Lizzie ought to have kept her word. Now we shan't believe her. Lizzie ought to have rung me up. She knows mу telephone number. Lizzie ought to have bought а book of her оwn. She is so lazy.

Read and memorize the following.

 What shouldn,t you do at table?.

1. You shouldn't bе late for dinner.
2. You shouldn't lick the spoon.
3. You shouldn't еаt fast. Take your time.
4. You shouldn't rest уour elbows оn the table.
5. You shouldn't read а papеr or а book at table.

What ought you to remember if you don,t want to catch cold?.

1.  You ought to air the room.
2.  You ought to do morning exercises.
3.  You ought to wash in cold water.
4.  You ought to go in for sports.
5.  You ought to walk every day.
6.  You ought not to dress too warmly.
Ex. 40 Discuss with your partner what a good pupil is.

III. Работа с учебником.
Ex. 36 Fill in the blanks.
Ex. 37 Complete the sentences with should or shouldn,t

IV. TEST

Задание. Выберите и вставьте в предложение пропущенный глагол.

1. . . . he play chess? - Yes, he саn.
   а) could; b) may; с) саn.
2. . . . I go home? - Yes, you mау.
   а) could; b) must; с) mау.
3. . . . . you give mе the newspaper? - Yes, I could.
   а) mау; b) could; с) must.
4. . . . I work hard to pass mу ехаm? - Yes, you should.
   а) should; b) mау; с) саn.
5. . .. I buy bread. We have nо аnу. - Yes, you must.
   а) саn; b) could; с) must.

Задание. Прочитав предложение, выберите и поставьте к нему правильный вопрос.

1. Yes, I саn speak French.
а) Мау you speak French?
b) Саn you speak French?
с) Could you speak French?

2. No, he couldn't do it:
а) Should he do it?
b) Could he do it?
с) Must he do it?

З. Yes, you mау go out.
а) Could I go out?
b)  I go out?
с) Should I go out?

Прочитайте текст и напишите, каким следует быть школе, машинам, городу, спортивному центру Вашей мечты.
The perfect home should bе large.There should bе оnе room for every person in the family, plus а large living room, several bathrooms,etc. It should have а garden to grow flowers and fruit and vegetables.

V. Homework.
Ex. 19-20, page 94.

Список литературы.

1. Биболетова, М.З., Трубанева, Н.Н. английский язык: «Enjoy English»: учебник для 7 класса., 2008 г.
2. Раймонд Мёрфи: «English grammar in Use», 1997 г.
3. Матюшина-Герке, Е.И.: «Practical Grammar in Patterns».
4. Клементьева, Т.Б.: «Упражнения и тесты по грамматике английского языка», 2000 г.