В работе [1] рассмотрено использование презентаций на уроках иностранного языка как средство повышения эффективности занятий. В настоящей работе рассматривается система упражнений для отработки навыков написания личного письма на иностранном языке.
Последовательность в обучении письму на разных этапах в школе проявляется в постепенном, шаг за шагом, усложнении предметного содержания, объема и характера продуцируемых учащимися текстов, степени сложности языковых трудностей, в большом разнообразии используемых языковых средств.
На старшем этапе обучения школьники учатся писать личные письма и сообщения. Учащиеся 10-11 классов должны уметь написать сочинение, проявив при этом способность не только описать события, факты, явления, запросить у партнера по переписке соответствующую информацию, выразить свое мнение, аргументировать его, но и сопоставить свой собственный опыт с опытом его сверстника-носителя языка.
В качестве конечных требований в области обучения письму выдвигается: развитие у обучаемых умения письменно выражать свои мысли. Выпускники гимназий должны уметь в рамках указанных в программе сфер и тем общения описывать различные факты, явления, события, делать учебные записи, заметки по прочитанному и писать развернутый план устного, письменного сообщения. Они должны уметь пользоваться письмом в области избранных ими профессионально-ориентированных интересов при значительном разнообразии ситуаций общения официального и неофициального характера, высокой степени сложности и большем объеме текста, продуцируемого в письменной форме.
В основе создания почти всех форм письменного сообщения лежат такие умения, как:
- передача основной информации, главной идеи прочитанного или прослушанного текста;
- описание, сравнение, сопоставление описываемых фактов;
- доказательство/аргументация;
- обзор, комбинирование, объединение фактов;
- характеристика, выражение оценки, собственного отношения к излагаемому.
Основными причинами написания личного письма являются следующие намерения:
- сообщить информацию;
- запросить информацию;
-предложить что-нибудь;
- попросить разрешения;
- дать совет и т.д.
В настоящей работе рассматриваются основные моменты, на которых следует акцентировать внимание при обучении написанию личного письма на уроках английского языка в школе.
Стиль письма.
А) Приветствие (Dear Mary, Hi).
Б) Использование сокращений (I’m, don’t, I’ve, it’s, I’ll).
В) Пропуск местоимений, глагола to be.
Г) Использование выражений разговорного языка, использование идиом.
Д) заключительные фразы (Yours, Love, Best wishes, All the best, Lots of love, Take care).
План личного письма.
А) Приветствие.
Б) Вступление (причины написания письма).
В) главная часть - сообщение информации.
Г) Заключение (заключительные фразы, подпись).
Этапы формирования умений по письму.
Этап 1. Рецептивные упражнения.
Чтение текстов и их анализ с целью выявления важных моментов с точки зрения организации текста, употребления языкового материала, логики высказывания.
Этап 2. Рецептивно-продуктивные упражнения.
Закрепление полученных знаний в ходе выполнения ряда тренировочных упражнений
Этап 3. Продуктивные упражнения.
Учащиеся самостоятельно составляют высказывания на иностранном языке.
Рецептивные упражнения.
Ex.1. An informal letter is a letter to an English-speaking friend. In this kind of letter we may use:
- a friendly and personal tone
- contraction verb forms like I’m and hasn’t
- phrasal verbs
- informal expressions such as a bit (for ‘a little’)
- fewer passive verb forms
Can you think of anything else to add to the list?
Ex.2. Read the letter. Which words or sentences:
- say why the sender is writing?
- tell you the order in which things happened?
- ask for a reply?
Dear Pam,
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you.
I must tell you about a really amazing experience I had yesterday. It was our day off so we went to an old friend near Oxford and flew a microlight. I was with Jane who is a very friendly incntuctor. First we went across grass very quickly, shaking a lot. Then we were in the air with only the noise of the engine and I thought ‘I hope this thing doesn’t stop’ because when I looked down I saw it was a long way.
After that we flew over some trees and suddenly we started to stop. Jane said it was because the air was colder there and it always happened like that, but I was terrified .
At last we came down. Our landing was hard but the first thing I said when I got out was ‘When can I do this again?’ It was the wonderful fun.
Please write soon to tell me your news.
Love,
Peter
Рецептивно-продуктивные упражнения.
Ex.3. Read the two letters and say why they have been written. Then, compare and contrast them to find characteristics of formal and informal style.
MODEL A Dear John, Just thought I’d drop you a line to congratulate you on your promotion. Lynda told me about in yesterday, and I can only say how pleased I am – though not surprised. Considering what a hard-working and dedicated policeman you’ve been, it’s only logical that they should decide to promote you to Detective Sergeant. I’m sure your part in solving that series of burglaries had an influence as well. It takes a special talent to solve a complicated case like that, and obviously you have it. I hope in your new role you’ll have the chance to prove yourself again and again – not that I hope there’s lots of crime, but you know what I mean. Once more, congratulations. Hopefully we can get together soon and celebrate a bit. Get my love to Delia and the kids, and write soon. Regards, Dave |
MODEL B Dear Mr Harvey, I have received your letter dated 12th November, which requests a reference for Mr Dean Guthrie. I am pleased to comply your request and to provide the following information. Mr Dean Guthrie has been employed at Millibank in Huntersville for five years, where he has held the position of Head of Security. Mr Guthrie has decided to leave this post, as he is moving to Bristol. After twenty years of dedicated service in the London Metropolitan Police Force, Mr Guthrie came to us in June 1990. Using his excellent skills and training, he helped to design the bank’s security system. Mr Guthrie is very good at dealing with difficult situations, and is a patient, tactful man. Mr Guthrie is modest, and friendly. His professionalism, honesty, and loyalty have made him a model employee. I have no hesitation in recommending Mr Guthrie for any position in security . Yours sincerely, John Smith (General Manager) |
Ex.4. Look at expressions and match them with purposes 1-8
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Ex.5. Analyze an informal letter
А. Work in pairs. Read models A and B, and say which one is appropriate. Think about whether:
- the paragraphs are clearly organized
- the style is appropriate
MODEL A Dear Tim, Hi – how are you? I’m good but I have exams this week at school. I write to answer your letter in which you ask me for my advice. There are a range of options you could choose from. But before I begin with those, I like to say it’s a shame you can’t take extra lessons. I had extra lessons when I wanted to improve my French and that it helped a lot, but that was also because of my teacher. She was the best! Anyway, you could listen to the English music more often. Of course you shouldn’t spend hours to listen to music. That’s just a waste of time! Listening to songs in English is a good way to learn new vocabulary, and it’s fun too! Furthermore, if I was you I’d read more in English. You can also have conversations with a friend in English, and then correct each other’s mistakes. I recommend that you accept these advices on the matter. Yours sincerely, Angela |
MODEL B Dear Dan, Thanks for your last letter. I think it’s great you want to brush up on your English and of course I’m only too glad to help you. Here are a few things you could try. First of all, it would be a good idea to start reading more in English. You probably won’t have time to read novels but there are plenty of magazines that also help you improve your English. As you are so fond of nature, why don’t you take out a subscription to Natural Geographic? Another suggestion is to watch films on DVD without the subtitles. That way you force yourself to listen to the language very carefully. The best advice I can give you is to get more English-speaking pen-friends and email friends. That method really worked for me when I wanted to improve my Italian. I hope these ideas will help. And remember, practice makes perfect, so don’t give up too easily! Write and let me Know how you get on. Yours, Pam |
В. In pairs answer the following questions about model A.
C. In pairs answer the following questions about model B.
Ex. 6. Read the following topics and write any one of them in an appropriate style using 120-150 words.
Продуктивные упражнения.
- A friend of yours has sent you a letter asking for your advice as he and his parents disagree about what he should study at university. Write a letter giving him your advice.
- You have just been offered a very good job abroad. Write to your best friend, giving details of your news and plans.
- You have been invited by your friend to spend the weekend on his father’s farm. Write a letter accepting or refusing this invitation.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Чуркина Н. В. Создание презентаций в Power Point - эффективное домашнее задание. // Интернет-журнал "Эйдос". - 2008. - 16 мая. http://www.eidos.ru/journal/2008/0516-1.htm.